885 Compact Oven Sample Changer – automated thermal sample preparation for Karl Fischer titration

The 885 Compact Oven Sample Changer is ideally suited to automate the preparation of samples that release their water only at high temperatures, are difficult to dissolve or react with the KF reagent. In the oven the samples can be heated up to 250 ºC. The moisture contained in the samples evaporates and is transported by a stream of dry carrier gas into the titration cell, where the analysis proper takes place.

The 885 Compact Oven Sample Changer is controlled by way of an integral keypad. Only the oven temperature and the gas flow need to be defined and the number of samples set. If the titrator is linked to a balance, not even the weight of the samples needs to be entered manually.

Screw-cap vials are used with the 885 Compact Oven Sample Changer. They can be opened and cleaned after the analysis and the be reused. Only the pierced septa need to be replaced.

Flexible liquid handling for automated sample preparation in liquid chromatography

The 872 Extension Module comprises an additional dual channel peristaltic pump for transferring any type of liquid in the low-pressure range, a six-port injection valve that can be used both in the high-pressure and the low-pressure range as well as a ten-port selector valve. These technical features translate into the fully automated performance of, amongst others, pH adjustments, pre-column derivatizations or the mixing of solutions.

New: 886 Professional Reactor for improved optical absorption detection

The new reactor facilitates post-column chemistry for any liquid chromatography system. Methods can be developed and optimized in terms of reagent concentration, flow rates and reactor residence time of the resulting mixture. Key benefits of the 886 Professional Reactor are:

• broad application range
• high derivatization yields
• suitability for complex matrices
• derivatizations at high temperatures
• traceability of results due to chip-based intelligence

The flexibility of the new reactor has been demonstrated by optimizing four widespread post-column techniques: the relatively slow ninhydrin reaction with amino acids and the fast derivatizations of silicate, bromate and chromate(VI). Further details are provided in a technical poster.

Bring on the colors – Metrohm presents the 887 UV/VIS detector

Besides the classical anions and cations, transition metals and a range of organic substances can be also detected. Even in complex matrices as, e.g., biological samples, low detection limits can be achieved due to the specific extinction properties of many analytes.

By means of additional pre- or post-column reaction, a large number of other substances can be digested and transformed into UV- or VIS-active molecules allowing those substances to be determined by means of the 887 Professional UV/VIS Detector. The 886 Professional Thermostat / Reactor is the ideal complement to the system for any kind of derivatizations. Due to the instrument’s rugged design and maximum reaction temperatures of 150 °C, it opens up a wide range of applications.

The 887 Professional UV/VIS Detector complements the proven conductivity detector and extends Metrohm’s range of intelligent detectors. All Metrohm detectors can be substituted for each other and can be combined.

Straightforward method for water determination in printing inks

The composition of printing inks varies by the solvent base, be it oil based or water based. Moreover, it varies by drying mechanism and whether the drying is primarily by a chemical or a physical processes. High humidity and high levels of water will emulsify in the ink and will slow ink drying.

The method presented is based on Metrohm’s 851 Titrando coulometer in conjunction with an 874 Oven Sample Processor. The ink (and substrate) is weighed into a vial and the top is sealed (crimped). This sample is then put on the rack of the 874 Oven Sample Processor. The sample is heated up in the oven and the released water titrated in the coulometric cell of the 851 Titrando. The refined methodology of this technique brings decisive advantages:

• Strictly reproducible analysis conditions for all samples, which is shown by the considerably improved precision of the results
• Manual sample preparation is reduced to a minimum, just «weigh, crimp and analyse»
• Considerable savings in time and money, less reagent costs for example, no more acid and solvent extraction
• No contamination of the oven, consequently there is no carryover and memory effects
• Improved water release from the sample as the carrier gas does not just pass over the sample but directly through it
• Fast analysis times; typically 3 minutes, and up to 35 samples at a time!

tiamo™ – the No 1 titration software now even more powerful!

The new graphical editor allows users to get more out of their automated Metrohm titration systems. New methods can be drawn up quickly and easily by using the numerous templates. A few mouse clicks are all that is needed to adapt existing methods to particular users' needs.

As tiamo™ 2.2 now can also control the 859 Titrotherm, a wide range of new applications based on thermometric titration methods opens up to the user. tiamo™ 2.2 enables the most efficient use of automated Metrohm titration systems: Thanks to new commands, one and the same sample changer may now be shared by two or more working stations. Thus, one sample can be titrated while the next one is already being prepared or another measurement performed. This saves time and increases sample throughput.

New Metrohm brochure «Battery research»

The total power output of a battery is determined by the properties of the electrolytes used and of the anode and cathode materials. Electrochemical instrumentation and methods available from Metrohm and Metrohm Autolab are recommended for, e.g.:

• determining current/voltage characteristics
• test for polarity reversal (charging) of batteries
• characterizing aging effects using impedance spectroscopy
• recording discharge and charge cycles· determining battery capacity
• measuring the electrolyte resistance and charge transfer resistance (electrode reaction)
• determining pulse power rating/high-current capability

State-of-the-art ion chromatography using Metrohm’s 850 Professional IC instruments, on the other hand, is a highly efficient way to determine:

• fluoride, hexafluorophosphate, tetrafluoroborate and lithium in eluates of particular components such as anodes, cathodes and separator foils
• fluoride, hexafluorophosphate and lithium in electrolyte liquids

Dosino Gradient – upgrade your ion chromatograph to a powerful gradient IC system

With the Dosino Gradient as many as five eluents can be combined and moved with a single double-piston high-pressure pump. The system enables different gradient profiles. A step gradient, where a change from a weak eluent to a stronger eluent takes place after a defined time, is the basic profile.

More complex profiles can also be easily programmed using the MagIC Net^TM ion chromatography software. Linear changes in eluent composition can be made. One of the five eluent connections can, alternatively, also be connected to a rinsing solution. Thus a fully automatic rinsing step can be integrated a the end of a determination series.

Ecotrode Gel – maintenance-free gel electrode with aging indicator

• maintenance-free electrolytes: refilling or checking the electrolyte not necessary
• aging indicator: decolorization of the white electrode gel tells users exactly when replacement of the sensor is due
• ideal for routine measurements

Free monograph «Voltammetric analysis methods in electroplating»

The first part of the monograph is dedicated to wastewater analysis in the galvanic industry using stripping voltammetric methods. Analytical methods for chromium, cyanide, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, tin and the complexing agents EDTA and NTA are described. Since wastewater almost always contains organic compounds, samples must be pre-processed prior to analysis. For this purpose, the authors recommend UV treatment using Metrohm’s 705 UV Digester.

The second and more comprehensive part of the monograph addresses the voltammetric analyses of galvanic baths. The authors provide a systematic overview of the different bath types for each element as well as their primary and secondary components. The most important analytical methods are subsequently presented step-by-step. The practical value of the book is further enhanced by numerous references to other cost-free publications (application bulletins, application notes).

Get a comprehensive overview of voltammetric analysis methods in surface finishing by ordering your free personal copy at your local Metrohm agency.

pHit kit – give your pH electrodes a treat!

Give your electrodes a treat!

Metrohm’s «pHit kit» contains all you need to clean or regenerate your pH electrodes the gentle way. The «pHit kit» box contains:

• A step by step description of the cleaning procedure
• 50 mL cleaning solution
• 50 mL 3 M KCl electrolyte solution
• 50 mL storage solution
• 2 electrode vessels

Give your pH electrodes a treat with «pHit kit». Benefit from reliable results and extend lifetime of your equipment the gentle way.

New Metrohm brochure and webpage «RoHS Analysis»

«RoHS analysis» describes proven wet-chemical methods to determine heavy metal traces, polybrominated bipyhenyls (PBB) and diphenyl ethers (PBDE) as well as methods for the simultaneous determination of halogenated compounds in solid and liquid combustible samples. Methods described include voltammetry, ion chromatography and the combination of coumbustion and ion chromatography (Combustion IC). Special mention must be made of the straightforward determination of hazardous species of heavy metals such as Chromium(VI) using voltammetry.

«RoHS analysis» is a highly valuable compendium for anyone involved in chemical analysis to check compliance with the RoHS directive.

New Metrohm brochure and webpage «Surface finishing»

«Surface finishing» covers the entire production chain featuring proven wet-chemical methods to control key processes and parameters in functional and decorative coating:

• Control of basic chemicals and raw materials
• Metals as main components of electroplating baths
• Main and secondary components of electroplating baths
• Monitoring of waste water and process water

Methods covered include pH measurement, titration, ion chromatography, voltammetry, atline and online process analysis. Solutions for automation and systems for electrochemical analysis in research and development are also covered. «Surface finishing» is an invaluable tool for anyone who is involved in the professional quality assurance in surface finishing and pcb production.

The easiest way to access Metrohm’s complete know-how on process control in surface finishing is a click on surface.metrohm.com. Downloads are free of charge.

New Metrohm representation in Portugal

M.T. BRANDÃO will represent the complete Metrohm portfolio (except instrumentation for voltammetry) and Applikon Analytical (at- and online process analyzers). The Metrohm voltammetry products together with the portfolio from Metrohm Autolab (potentiostats/galvanostats and SPR) will continue to be represented in Portugal by POTENCIAL ZERO.

Metrohm customers in Portugal can trust in the expertise and reliability of M.T. BRANDÃO and POTENCIAL ZERO as providers of outstanding products and services.

M.T. BRANDÃO

Rua de Serralves, 599

4150-708 Porto – Portugal

(+351) 226 167 370

mtb@mtbrandao.com

www.mtbrandao.com

POTENCIAL ZERO

Rua João de Freitas Branco, 25 – 2 Dto.

1500-714 Lisboa – Portugal

(+351) 9627 28697

info@potencialzero.com

www.potencialzero.com

New brochure «Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation (MISP)»

Metrohm Inline Ultrafiltration reliably removes particles from the sample. As a result the analytical column is protected from contamination and its lifetime considerably increased.

Metrohm Inline Dialysis is another technique effectively removing particles, oil drops and colloids from the sample to be analyzed. Emulsions, samples containing fats and proteins, body fluids and strongly polluted wastewater can be reliably determined without damaging the column.

Metrohm Inline Dilution provides for automatic dilution of the sample depending on the predefined concentration limits. Even the dilution factor is determined automatically making sure that results lie always within the calibration range and thus are correct.

Metrohm Inline Matrix Elimination allows the matrix to be removed automatically without requiring the use of cartridges. Ion analysis in organic solvents is one of the applications.

Metrohm Inline Preconcentration uses a preconcentration column and is ideally suited for trace analysis down to the ng/L concentration range.

Metrohm Inline Calibration allows to calibrate any standard concentration in the ppt range by using a single standard solution at the ppb level.

Metrohm Inline Neutralization adjusts the pH of samples in order to prevent interferences with the analysis of anions. When combined with Inline Preconcentration, Inline Neutralization makes trace anion analysis possible.

Metrohm USA Extends Customer Support Hours

According to Carol Maness, Metrohm USA’s new Customer Support Manager, “We see an immediate benefit to extending our call center hours for customers in the central and pacific time zones; looking back, I’d say we did an excellent job of getting them accustomed to calling during morning hours, but that simply isn’t what good support is all about. We want our customers, no matter where they are in the United States, to know that we are here for them—when they need us. And this is step one in what will be many support enhancements to come.”

Metrohm USA Customer Support can be reached M-F 8:30 am – 7:00 pm EST, by calling toll-free 866-METROHM. The support team may also be contacted by emailing customersupport@metrohmusa.com.

New generation of microbore colums for environmentally friendly anion chromatography

Moreover, environmentally benign carbonate/bicarbonate solutions are used with the columns for most anion separations. Not only the columns got thinner but also the suppressor module was scaled down, leading to reduced consumption of regenerant solution: for complete regeneration, as little as 2 mL acid (1 mol/L) is sufficient and no exchange of cartridges or membranes is necessary.

Besides the ecological benefits, microbore columns require less frequent eluent preparation and thus improve accuracy and save time. Additionally, they get along with only small amounts of sample material and can be perfectly interfaced with various inline detectors.

«MSM-HC» – Increased suppressor capacity for anion chromatography

Because the eluting power of the hydroxide anion is weak, these applications require working with high ionic strength. That is what the new «MSM-HC» suppressor is prepared to deal with: Its capacity is four times higher than that of the «MSM II», Metrohm’s longstanding and highly successful anion suppressor.

Another possible field of applications is opened by combining the new «MSM-HC» with high-capacity anion-exchange columns, like, for example, the Metrosep A Supp 10 - 250/4.0 or the Metrosep A Supp 16 - 250/4.0. These special columns are operated with highly concentrated carbonate eluents and require the use of the new «MSM-HC» Suppressor.

The «MSM-HC» is a chemical suppressor based on the packed-bed design. It is completely resistant to solvents and pressure and therefore comes with a 10-year warranty.

Monitoring of nickel sulfate, hypophosphite and alkalinity in electroless nickel plating baths

Nickel

A complexometric titration is used for the fully automatic determination of the nickel concentration. A Cu-EDTA buffer solution is added to a bath aliquot and then titrated against an EDTA solution using a copper-selective electrode. The nickel consumption in the nickel plating bath is determined from the EDTA consumption.

Hypophosphite

The hypophosphite concentration is determined by iodometric back-titration. The sample is acidified and then treated with a defined amount of iodine solution. The excess iodine that is not consumed by the hypophosphite is then back-titrated against a thiosulfate solution using Metrohm’s Pt-Titrode. The hypophosphite concentration in the nickel plating bath is calculated from the initial amount of iodine present and the consumed thiosulfate.

Sulfate

In contrast to orthophosphate, considerably greater interference by a product that increases the salt content results from the self-enriching sulfate, which impairs crystal formation and the relevant coating properties such as corrosion resistance, hardness and resistance to abrasion. Sulfate is precipitated as barium sulfate by the addition of barium chloride, and the excess barium is back-titrated against EDTA in the same way as the nickel determination described above.

Alkalinity

The alkalinity is determined by a simple titration with hydrochloric acid using a combined pH glass electrode. The sulfuric acid produced during the coating process reduces the acid-binding ability of the bath and requires the addition of extra sodium hydroxide or ammonia.

Download the techical poster here.

Metrohm offers fully automated Inline Eluent Preparation On Demand (EPOD)

By using the 800 Dosino and the 849 Level Control as the only additional devices, Metrohm’s intelligent ion chromatography (IC) systems can be easily extended to perform any unattended inline eluent preparation. Fully controlled by MagIC Net, the 849 Level Control monitors the eluent level while the 800 Dosino performs all dosing and liquid handling tasks.

The Dosino automatically dilutes a concentrate with ultrapure water and subsequently transfers it to the eluent bottle. With a dilution factor of 20, a two-liter bottle of concentrated eluent translates into an unattended running time of a whole month. Is it reliable? Yes, in a test, consecutive injections of a 250 µg/L muli-anion standard over a 21-day period revealed an outstanding retention-time stability.

Metrohm presents straightforward methods to determine 6 RoHS-restricted substances

After sample preparation according to IEC 62321, the metals lead, cadmium and mercury are straightforwardly determined by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The flame retardants PBB and PBDE are quantified by direct-injection ion chromatography (IC) using spectrophotometric detection. Chromium(VI) can be sensitively determined either by adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) or IC. Trace halides in non-aqueous sample matrices are best determined using combustion IC. Detailed information on the applications and the respective instrumentation can be found on a poster recently published by Metrohm.

889 IC Sample Center: high-speed automation for small sample volumes (1 µL… 10 mL)

The 889 IC Sample Center is highly versatile. Various injection methods can be selected: full-loop, partial-loop and pick-up. For all three modes, users can select injection with Pressure-Assisted Sample Aspiration (PASA™), a great advantage especially when viscous samples need to be analyzed.

Standard accessories of the 889 IC Sample Center include two 48-position-sample-racks for 300 and 700 µL vessels. Injection volumes from 1 to 100 µL (with 1 µL increments) can be selected. Other sample racks that are common in liquid chromatography or SBS standard microtiter plates can also be used on the 889 IC Sample Center. The system supports sample racks with 12 to 384 positions.

The 889 IC Sample Center is also available with a cooling function. In this version a Peltier element ensures that samples are cooled to a stable minimum of 4 °C. Because of the sophisticated cooling system no temperature gradient can develop; a constant temperature is guaranteed.

Flexible liquid handling for automated sample preparation in liquid chromatography

The 872 Extension Module comprises an additional dual channel peristaltic pump for transferring any type of liquid in the low-pressure range, a six-port injection valve that can be used both in the high-pressure and the low-pressure range as well as a ten-port selector valve. These technical features translate into the fully automated performance of, amongst others, pH adjustments, pre-column derivatizations or the mixing of solutions.

Voltammetric determination of iodide in brine used in chlor-alkali electrolysis

In the tests, the differential pulse voltammogram showed a reproducible iodate peak at a peak potential of -1.03 V versus the Ag/AgCl/KCl (3 mol/L reference electrode. Iodide concentrations have been analyzed by both the calibration curve and the standard addition technique. However, in terms of matrix effects and feasibility – calibration curves have to be daily registered – we favour the standard addition technique. The method is linear over three orders of magnitude and neither high salt nor bromine contents interfere with the iodide determination.

The described differential pulse voltammetric method for the determination of iodide in brine has significant advantages over other commonly employed methods. Besides the excellent price-performance ratio, the voltammetric iodide determination excels by its sensitivity, selectivity and high degree of matrix independence. Download the technical poster here.

New multimedia guide «Electrodes in Voltammetry» available

«Electrodes in Voltammetry» comes on a single CD and answers all your questions concerning the installation and maintenance of the:·

• Multi-Mode Electrode
• Reference Electrodes
• Rotating Disc Electrodes

Short videos demonstrate in detail e.g.

• how to adjust the Multi-Mode Electrode
• how to service the reference electrode or
• how to handle rotating disc electrodes

With «Electrodes in Voltammetry» you will be able to handle and maintain your electrodes independently and in a matter of a few minutes. The multimedia guide is available in German, English, Spanish and Chinese. Order your free copy of «Electrodes in Voltammetry» from your local Metrohm sales rep or from Metrohm’s web page www.metrohm.com now.

Life in the lab becomes easier: Metrohm answers FAQs online

Divided into the three sub-sections «Sensors», «Karl Fischer» and «Ion Chromatography», the FAQ section contains a wealth of concise information on all practical as well as theoretical aspects of the above mentioned topics.

For example, you would like to know how to carry out the titer determination or what to do about the poor reproducibility of your results? No problem, you will find the right information quickly and easily. The FAQs listed are short and straight to the point and so are the answers.

900 Touch Control – Titration was Never Easier

Up to 14 methods can each be linked to a favorite icon on the touchscreen. Whether one, two or more users – each one has direct access to his or her most important methods on the start screen and starts them with a single touch of the respective icon.

What used to require a PC is now possible with the 900 Touch Control due to advanced microelectronics. An Ethernet interface provides direct access to the intranet. Reports can be printed on any network printer or saved on a network storage or an external hard disk. Moreover, results and other data can be sent directly to any LIMS or – in a stand-alone solution – saved on the spot in the system’s archive. Further features of the 900 Touch Control:

• USB-interface for printer, keyboard or mouse. Methods and determinations can be directly saved on a memory stick and read in again from there
• PDF-generator for creating forge-proof reports
• Automatic electrode test for always reliable results
• Autostart function: coulometric Karl-Fischer titrations are started automatically once sample is added
• User dialogue in many languages including Chinese
• Compliance with FDA-regulation 21 CFR, Part 11

New Metrohm brochure and website «Pharmaceutical analysis»

«Pharmaceutical analysis», which can be ordered free of charge, draws on Metrohm’s comprehensive expertise in assuring the quality of pharmaceuticals. Using the U.S. Pharmacopeia as a reference, the new brochure covers basic general parameters such as pH value, conductivity and water content as well as the determination of specific active ingredients, excipients and impurities.

Methods described include potentiometric, colorimetric and Karl Fischer titration, ion chromatography, stability measurement, voltammetry, atline and online process analysis.«Pharmaceutical analysis» is an invaluable tool for anyone who is involved in the professional quality assurance of pharmaceutical products. Metrohm’s complete know-how on pharmaceutical analysis is also available on the webpage pharma.metrohm.com

New Metrohm brochure and webpage «Food analysis»

«Food analysis», which can be ordered free of charge, draws on Metrohm’s comprehensive expertise in assuring the quality of food and beverage products. Based on official standards of authorities such as the U.S. EPA, the AOAC and the SLMB, «Food analysis» suggests methods as well as instrumentation best suited to check crucial parameters such as water content, pH value and acidity, oxidation stability, biogenic amines, mono-, di-, oligo- and polysaccharides, free and total sulphurous acid, heavy metals, free fatty acids, to name but a few.

Methods covered include pH measurement, potentiometric, colorimetric, thermometric and Karl Fischer titration, ion chromatography, voltammetry, stability measurement, atline and online process analysis. Solutions for automation in food analysis are presented, too. «Food analysis» is an invaluable tool for anyone who is involved in the professional quality assurance in the food and beverage industry.

The easiest way to access Metrohm’s complete know-how on food analysis is a click on food.metrohm.com. Downloads are free of charge.

Straightforward determination of anhydrosugars in aerosols

Anhydrosugars are thermal degredation products of cellulose and hemicellulose. They form an important fraction of water-soluble organic carbon in atmospheric aerosols and thus have a great potential of affecting, among others, cloud formation and precipitation and thus the climate in general.

The analytical method couples ion chromatography with a highly sensitive pulsed amperometric detector (IC-PAD). In the test, a Metrosep A Supp 15 – 150 was coupled to a Metrosep Carb 1 – 150. The calibration for the anhydrosugars and sugar alcohols is linear over a wide concentration range. Less than 17 minutes were needed to achieve separation with a limit of detection (LOD) for levoglucosan of approximately 5 ng/m³.

For sample preparation, the aerosol fraction of a defined air volume is collected on a filter. Before extraction, this filter is divided in samples of a standardized size. After addition of ultrapure water, the filters are treated by ultrasonic extraction for about 30 minutes. Prior to injection, the samples are either filtrated through a syringe filter or by using Metrohm’s Inline Ultrafiltration.

Simultaneous determination of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in beverages

For the forensic determination of illegally added GHB and GBL in commonly consumed beverages, this method employs direct-injection ion chromatography combined with spectrophotometric detection. In the range of 10 to 200 mg/L, five-point calibration curves for GHB and GBL yield correlation coefficients of 0.9998 and 0.9997, respectively.

Spiking experiments in which GHB and GBL were added to alcoholic beverages and non-alcoholic fruit juices showed no matrix effects. The method allows to trace GHB-GBL interconversion, whether in-vivo or in-vitro lactone cleavage or intramolecular GHB esterification, and thus complies with pertinent requirements of law enforcement agencies. Download the technical poster here.

Straightforward water determination in various plastics

The plastic sample being tested is heated in a hermetically sealed vial. The moisture liberated from the sample is transferred via a dry carrier gas stream into the titration cell where it is coulometrically titrated. For every plastic type, the optimum oven temperature can be determined in a water release curve. This procedure ensures fast and quantitative water extraction in a reasonable time while – very important – excluding interfering decomposition reactions.

Thermally stable polycarbonates, fiber-reinforced polyesters and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins need to be heated to 230 ºC to extract water. Thermally less stable resins such as polyamides and PVC need only to be heated to 150 and 100 ºC, respectively. The water content in the following plastics was determined:

• Terluran^® GP-22 Natural
• Grilamid^® TR 55 Natural
• Ultramid^® A3K Natural
• Ultramid^® A3K Black
• Ultramid A 3H-G5 Black
• Grivory HTV-3H1 Natural
• Makrolon^® 1243 (color code 550111)
• PET regrind (recycled)
• PET regrind (new)
• PVC

Download the technical poster here.

Automated thermometric titrimetry – straightforward quality control of fats and oils

Benefits of thermometric titrimetry

Thermometric titration means that there is no electrical contact with titrating solutions, so samples can be titrated in a totally non-aqueous environment. The endpoint is determined automatically, not prone to operator bias and can be detected in highly colored or turbid solutions, or even in media containing suspended solids. Moreover, the thermometric sensing probe requires no maintenance, special preparation, regeneration or calibration and can be stored dry between titrations.

Determination of free fatty acid content and iodine value

Two determinations common in the analysis of fats and oils illustrate the versatility of the technique, namely the free fatty acid content and the iodine value. In both analyses, excellent agreement can be achieved with results obtained by official methods of analysis. The titrations are very fast, typically less than a minute in duration and can be easily automated by using a sample changer. Application Notes with the details on the determination of free fatty acid content and iodine value in vegetable fats and oils can be downloaded from the Metrohm webpage.

tiBase – intelligent management of titration data

 
Database functionality, previously only available in Metrohm’s high-end range of instruments, is now also available in Metrohm’s entry level range, namely the Titrino plus titrators.

tiBase comes with a multitude of data management functions such as

• archiving
• easy data import and export
• search and filter functions
• reprocessing
• freely definable report formats

tiBase provides for extensive data security. Not only determinations, but all settings, methods and user information are stored in the database and protected against wilful manipulation or loss. tiBase Multi is the client-server version of the new software and enables central data administration by was of client-server option.

Automate Your Wine Analysis

Perform accurate pH measurement, Total Acidity and/or SO2 titration analysis of wine and juice samples with Metrohm 855 Robotic Titrosampler. Its built-in titrator saves valuable bench space, and its 106-place rack conveniently utilizes standard 50 ml centrifuge tubes. Unique 10,000-step Dosino^® dosing technology provides consistent and accurate pipetting for reliable and reproducible results. User-friendly tiamo^® software includes built-in Statistical Process Control features, yet is simple enough for even the novice to use. Also available: An optional Degassing package lets you automate Nitrogen degassing of samples prior to analysis. 

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and are fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team.

GO >>
 

Metrohm 905 Titrando® for automatic determination of pH and Titratable Acidity (TA) in soft drinks, juices and wines.

These common and extremely important analyses have traditionally been performed using a pH meter followed by manual titration with a glass burette; however, this approach commonly causes several problems, including (but not limited to) overshooting the titration’s endpoint, variation of results between operators and transcription errors. 

These errors (and others) are eliminated when Metrohm 905 Titrando is used to perform pH and TA analyses. This automatic titration system, which may be controlled via a PC and user-friendly tiamo™ software or by a full color touch control display, operates with the press of a button: simply place the sample on a stirrer stand, lower the pH probe in, then press ‘start‘—the pH reading and titration are completely automated.

Additional analyses, such as sulfites (SO2), chloride (Cl) and vitamin C (ascorbic acid), can be added to the 905 Titrando. Like all Titrando systems, the 905 can be expanded to include automatic degassing of sample, multi-sample automation and fully robotic sample preparation.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and are fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team.
 

Automatic determination of pH and Acidity in soft Drinks and Juices

Classically this is done by pH meter and manual titration with glass burette and NaOH titrant. This type of approach however can create its own set of problems, for example:

• Overshooting endpoint
• Variation of results between different operators
• Transcription errors

To resolve these issues, Metrohm can offer the 905 Titrando automatic titration system. The 905 Titrando is a state of the art system which can either be controlled via the easy to use tiamo™ software or by a color touch control screen. Simply place the sample on a stirrer stand, lower the pH probes in and press start! A pH reading takes place, and the titration for acidity is completely automated. Further features can be implemented, for example:

• Automatic degassing
• Autosampler
• Other analyses, such as Vitamin C, SO₂ etc.

The system is so easy to use – every operator loves it!

Determination of Sulfite and Other Anions in Wine

Metrohm Wine Titrino^® Plus

Thermometric titration of sulfate in wet process phosphoric acid production

With world food production at record levels and demand for crop-derived biofuels rising sharply, the production of phosphate-based fertilizers is booming. In response, the price of phosphate rock has risen considerably and manufacturers of wet process phosphoric acid are under increasing pressure to maximize the efficiency of their processes.

A crucial factor in the production of phosphoric acid is the control of sulfate. Sulfate levels must be controlled tightly and Metrohm’s 859 Titrotherm thermometric titration system has a critical role to play. The previous methods have either been too slow and difficult to perform (classical gravimetry) or inaccurate and subject to interference (nephelometry). Titrotherm’s simple thermometric titration with barium chloride is very fast, easily performed by process operators and meets industry requirements for precision and accuracy. Titrations are generally complete within 30 seconds. The method is suitable for automation with a Metrohm 814 Sample Processor.

Metrohm launches the Metrohm Quality Service®

Metrohm Quality Service^® is customized service. Customers who want to minimize their operating risk can choose service packages exactly tailored to their needs and budget.

All maintenance work provided under the label Metrohm Quality Service^® is done by certified experts. For regulated Industries such as the food and the pharmaceutical industry the Metrohm Compliance Service^® ensures compliance of Metrohm instruments with the latest FDA, GLP/GMP and other standards. Metrohm Quality Service^® comprises:

• emergency services, e.g. express repairs on-site
• original Metrohm spare parts, made in Switzerland
• guaranteed spare parts available for at least 10 years beyond instrument discontinuation date
• regional Metrohm repair workshops worldwide

Determination of sulfate and chloride in bioethanol by ion chromatography

The method is suitable for the determination of the potential sulfate content or total sulfate content from 1.0 to 20 mg/kg and a total chloride content from 1.0 to 50 mg/k (ASTM D 7318). A second ion chromatography method exists (ASTM D 7328-07e1), but is more complicated to carry out and is also more error-prone. The total inorganic sulfate content in bioethanol can also be determined by potentiometric titration (ASTM D 7318-07).

During ASTM round robins the Metrohm IC System for determining the sulfate content excelled by its performance, particularly of its «packed-bed» suppressor module. In combination with the Metrohm CO₂ Suppressor, the background conductivity is reduced to an absolute minimum. As conductivity detection takes place under the best conditions, chromatograms with extremely low noise are obtained. The round robin showed that the «packed-bed» suppressor from Metrohm is clearly superior to the other suppressor systems tested. Please also download the technical poster.

Monitoring copper in fuel ethanol by anodic stripping voltammetry

Copper is a very active catalyst for the low-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons. Consequently, copper concentrations above 12 µg/kg in commercial gasoline are expected to promote the deterioration of olefins and the formation of gum.

In order to monitor heavy metal traces, anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is the method of choice. ASV is a sensitive and selective electroanalytical technique comprising two steps:

• metal ions are electrodeposited on the mercury electrode, which is held at a suitable potential
• the (amalgamated) metal deposits are anodically stripped from the mercury electrode by scanning the potential

The ASV is performed using the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and the Metrohm 797 VA Computrace for trace analysis. The HMDE is used with a platinum auxiliary electrode and an Ag/AgCI reference electrode using saturated lithium chloride in ethanol as the inner electrolyte. The concentration of the copper in the samples is quantified by standard addition. Please also download the technical poster.

Combustion Ion Chromatography – Straightforward Determination of Halogens and Sulfur in Solid and Liquid Samples

The principle of Combustion IC

In a fully automated process the samples are thermally digested under argon in the furnace unit and then com-busted with oxygen. The resulting gaseous compounds are passed into an absorption solution, which is then transferred inline to a Metrohm ion chromatography system.

Time saving

With the help of the appropriate autosampler it is possible to save time when measuring both liquid and solid samples: at the same time as a chromatogram is being recorded, the next sample is already being digested.

Broad range of applications

Among other possible fields, Combustion IC can be highly useful in quality control of raw materials, intermediates and finished products. In the environmental field Combustion IC can be used to monitor compliance with standards such as ASTM D 7359-08, DIN EN 228, IEC 60502-1, RoHS, WEEE and others. Please also download the technical poster.

U.S. EPA monitors quality of ambient air with MARGA

MARGA (Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air) is an ambient air monitoring system that is capable of measuring the gas phase concentrations of NH₃, HNO₃, HCl, HNO₂, and SO₂, as well as the particulate matter (aerosol) concentrations of NO₃^- , Cl^-, SO₄^2- , NH₄⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. This unique instrument, developed by Applikon Analytical in cooperation with the Dutch Energy Research Institute (ECN), draws in a 1 m³ volume of air each hour. The gases are then quantitatively (more than 99.7%) absorbed in a wetted rotating denuder (WRD) and the aerosols, which pass through the WRD, are trapped in the steam-jet aerosol collector (SJAC).

 The trapped aerosols are quantitatively (more than 99.7%) separated from the airstream cyclone using condensational growth with supersaturated steam. The liquid streams from the WRD (dissolved gases) and SJAC (dissolved aerosols) are degassed and mixed with an internal standard before controlled injection into an anion and a cation ion chromatograph, both from Metrohm.

The determinations are continuously controlled by an internal calibration, performed by the addition of a standard solution (Li & Br). The instrument can operate for 7 days unattended and can be controlled via an internet connection. The size of particulate matter (PM) can be selected by placing special designed cyclones (e.g. PM10, PM2.5 or PM1.0) before the entrance of the sampling system.

Solar cell production: Wet chemical monitoring of texturing processes

Metrohm’s 862 Compact Titrosampler wins 2009 Silver IBO Design Award

«The design of the 862's base sets it apart from other automated titration systems», IBO states, and continues «Building a titrator into the autosampler allowed for a compact footprint while leaving it accessible and open».

The 862 Compact Titrosampler accommodates 12 sample beakers and allows various determinations to be carried out fully automatically, including cleaning and conditioning the electrode between the determinations. The system features a large display, which allows the status of sample series to be followed via live titration curve. Sample series can be interrupted at any time to determine samples with higher priority. The 862 Compact Titrosampler can be operated by mouse click; various dialog options are available to adapt the instrument to the particular user.

 The IBO Design Award is a strong confirmation of Metrohm’s leading position in the market and their ability to combine cutting-edge technology with outstanding design.

Solar cell production: Wet chemical monitoring of texturing processes

Texturing and rinsing processes are the core of solar cell production. Analytical control of these steps is essential. ProcessLab enables precise monitoring of relevant bath components, allowing the production process to be run with maximum efficiency: consumption of chemicals is reduced while throughput is increased, resulting in higher yields and lower running costs.

ProcessLab is customized to the specific requirements of the process and can be integrated into any existing production. A touch control interface provides easy and intuitive operation. Analytical results are saved in a database and immediately accessible using graphical process charts. Thus, trends in the production process can be followed almost in real time and no time is lost if preventive action needs to be taken. The complete system is based on high quality lab technology from Metrohm.

ProcessLab is the optimum solution for:

• Analysis of acid mixtures like HF, HNO₃ and H₂SO₄
• Control of treatment baths containing e.g. H₂O₂ and KOH
• Full analysis of alkaline and acidic texturing baths
• pH and conductivity measurements in all process baths
• Determination of complexing agents as e.g. NTA or EDTA

Please consult your local Metrohm agency for further information.

Determination of Halogens by Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC)

Metrohm’s fully automated Combustion Ion Chromatography (CIC) system can simultaneously determine trace halogens (F, Cl, Br, and I) and sulfur compunds (as sulfate) in any non-aqueous sample matrix.

RoHS legislation around the world calls for suitable technology for the rapid monitoring of organohalogen compounds in matrices such as coal, crude oil, naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas and others. These samples are often difficult to bring into solution and, thus, require complex and time-consuming sample preparation procedures. Metrohm’s CIC system solves this problem.

Halogen determination made easy: After an upstream thermal oxidative digestion, which takes place in the combustion system, the liberated gases are trapped in an oxidizing aqueous absorbent that gets directly injected into the sample loop of the Metrohm 881 Compact IC pro. MagIC-Net® software reliably controls the analysis and automatically calculates the sulfur and mass fraction for each sample.

All Metrohm systems come with a full 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. IC Suppressors feature an unprecedented 10-year warranty.

Metrohm provides automatic determination of the hydroxyl number (HN) according to ASTM E 1899-08 and DIN 53240-2

The hydroxyl number is defined as the mg of KOH equivalent to the hydroxyl content of 1 g of sample. The system used to carry out the test consists of the: Metrohm® 814 USB Sample Processor, 905 Titrando®, 800 Dosino®, Solvotrode® and Tiamo® software.

The method suggested in ASTM E 1899-08 is based on the reaction of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups with excess toluene-4-sulfonyl-isocyanate (TSI) to form an acidic carbamate. The latter can then be titrated in a non-aqueous medium with the strong base tetrabutyl-ammonium hydroxide (TBAOH).

The method suggested in DIN 53240-2 is based on the catalyzed acetylation of the hydroxyl group. After hydrolysis of the intermediate, the remaining acetic acid is titrated in a non-aqueous medium with alcoholic KOH solution.

The Metrohm system automates these two methods for determining polyols and oxooils. Because it eliminates tedious and time-consuming manual tasks, it offers an immediate return on investment to laboratories that analyze a large number of samples per day.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team.

Real-time determination of anions and cations in aerosols by ion chromatography

Testing air pollution requires rapid and accurate measurements of inorganic compounds in ambient air. Coupling a Particle-Into-Liquid-Sampler (PILS) to Metrohm’s 850 Professional IC system enables quasi-continuous measurements with an unprecedented temporal resolution of 5 – 15 minutes.

Filters now take a back seat: The determination of anions and cations in atmospheric aerosols yields essential information about atmospheric transport and transformation processes. The filter method only permits determination averages over a 24-hour or longer time span. Moreover, the results can be compromised by desorption processes and chemical transformations.

Quasi-continuous measurements offer superior precision: Using PILS allows semi-continuous sampling of aerosols downstream from a denuder system. After removing interfering gas-phase compounds, the remaining aerosol particles are dissolved to water via a supersaturated steam phase, and the subsequent liquid sample is transferred to the IC system for analysis. The key benefit of this method is its high temporal resolution of measurements—changes in the ionic composition of ambient air can be recorded almost immediately, allowing a more precise correlation with meteorological and other data.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. IC Suppressors feature an unprecedented 10-year warranty.

Trace-level determination of perfluorinated compounds in water using ion chromatography

Human and environmental exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances, such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), has become the subject of intense research. Metrohm presents an easy-to-use and economic direct-injection method for PFOA and PFOS determination in drinking water.

The traditional method for the determination of anionic perfluorinated surfactants is LC-MS/MS. The analytical methods for the determination of PFOS and PFOA in water samples generally employ a C18-SPE column, either with or without ion pairing or acidification, followed by LC-MS/MS. However, this method suffers from relatively high running and investment costs.

Metrohm offers an economical alternative in terms of both investment on instrumentation and usability: The method is based on suppressed ion chromatography with isocratic elution on a reversed-phase column thermostated at 35°C using an aqueous mobile phase that contains boric acid and acetonitrile. The used detection technique is conductivity.

While PFOA and PFOS determination in low-salt-containing water samples can be performed using straightforward direct injection chromatography, samples with higher alkaline-earth-metal concentration, e.g. tap, lake, sludge or river water samples, should pass over a cation exchanger such as Metrohm’s Sample Preparation Module (SPM), prior to separation.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. IC Suppressors feature an unprecedented 10-year warranty.

Metrohm^® 862 Compact Titrosampler — the new benchmark for routine analysis.

Metrohm USA proudly offers an autosampler and titrator in one—at a size no larger than a typical balance—the Metrohm 862 Compact Titrosampler is a marvel of simplicity and precision.

Plug and play functionality, predefined titration methods and step-by-step menu instructions mean this system functions right out of the box with minimal user training required!

Features include a 12-place carousel, high-precision measuring inputs, automatic cleaning and conditioning of the electrode between determinations, as well as the ability to interrupt the series at any time to, for example, determine higher priority samples. The 862 Compact Titrosampler includes a large display to view the live titration curve and connections for an intelligent dosing unit, stirrer and USB printer.

Also available are the Food & Beverage Compact Titrosampler and the Salt Compact Titrosampler, systems preconfigured and packaged with applications for immediate use on a large variety of samples.

All Metrohm systems come with a full 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team.

Fully automated determination of TAN/TBN in oil samples

Metrohm USA proudly offers the Metrohm® 864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor, an advanced system for fully automated TAN/TBN determinations in petroleum products. Its capabilities include: weighing and solvent addition; wait times for complete dissolution; optimized electrode conditioning procedures between samples; results in minutes and convenient collection of all data in a database. Even very low TAN/TBN values can be determined—with better than 2% reproducibility.

ASTM D 664 and ASTM D 2896 describe two methods for the determination of TAN and TBN, based on potentiometric titration of the acidic and basic constituents, respectively. If carried out manually, these procedures are time-consuming, labor-intensive and require the handling of toxic solvent mixtures.

The 864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor avoids these drawbacks, as it fully automates the process from sample preparation to analyzing and storing results in a user-friendly database. A unique feature of the system is the patented technique of weighing the sample directly on the rack: simply position the sample on the inner row of the rack and press START; the process includes taring of the titration beaker as well as transferring the correct amount of sample. This technique significantly improves the accuracy and reproducibility of results.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team

Metrohm^® 815 Robotic Soliprep offers new possibilities in ion chromatography

Automation answers the call of laboratories everywhere forced to increase output while reducing costs. Customizable 815 Robotic Soliprep can completely automate the preparation and analysis of liquid and solid samples in ion chromatography, incorporating a wide range of tasks that include pulverizing, homogenizing, extracting, filtering and diluting.

The sample rack can accommodate various types of sample vessels, and a variety of syringe filters and needles allow this flexible system to meet individual needs and application requirements. Combined with Metrohm IC systems, its application range further expands to include the analysis of ingredients and contaminants in tables, animal feed, sediments, food and more.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. IC Suppressors feature an unprecedented 10-year warranty.

New Metrohm Titrando^® Titrators for coulometric and Volumetric Karl Fischer Titrations for moisture analysis

Metrohm USA announces the newest members of the Titrando titrator family – the Coulometric Titrando 851 and the Coulometric / Volumetric Titrando 852. Both new Titrando models feature Metrohm’s unique Autostart function, which begins the moisture analysis as soon as sample is introduced – makes the titration of water virtually foolproof. Bromine index according to ASTM D1159 can also be determined.

The 852 Titrando is a stand out among all Karl Fischer titrators, as it performs KF by both coulometric and volumetric methods with hands-free reagent exchange using Metrohm’s unique Dosino® top-down dosing to eliminate air bubbles that interfere with the accuracy of results.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. Learn more...

Budget-friendly Metrohm^® 883 Basic IC plus for ion chromatography

Metrohm USA proudly introduces the Metrohm 883 Basic IC –designed to meet the requirements of schools and universities, as well routine applications in any lab setting, Metrohm 883 Basic IC includes the same intelligent functionality of its higher-end Professional line, such as the iColumn, iPump and iDetector for precise and reproducible results. The system also features Metrohm’s MSM II suppressor for precise chemical suppression.

Available is a fully automated 883 system, which includes the 863 Compact IC Autosampler. Both systems are PC-controlled using MagIC Net™, a Windows®-like software that is both easy to install and use.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. IC Suppressors feature an unprecedented 10-year warranty.

Metrohm^® Metrosep C 4 column improves cation separation

Metrohm USA proudly introduces the new Metrosep C 4 column – incorporates the latest advances in synthesis procedures and column production techniques. This helps to provide the best cation separations to date.

The C 4 column portrays a much refined peak shape, which leads to a better separation of the individual peaks. For standard cations, transition metals and amines, the Metrosep C 4 column shows better results with regard to peak shape, peak height, resolution and asymmetry factor. For monovalent cations, the C 4 column achieves a very high number of theoretical plates per meter, thus yielding outstanding detection limits and an improved separation of closely eluting sodium and ammonium.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team.

Automatically weigh, dissolve and analyze with the Metrohm^® 864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor

Meet the first system to automatically prepare and analyze your liquid samples—from weighing through titration—with a single press of a button. The Metrohm 864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor is that all-in-one system.

Patented technology weighs the sample directly on the rack, eliminating the need for manual weighing and sample transfers that could lead to sample mix-ups. Just put the samples on the rack and press Start.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team.

Automatic thermal sample preparation for Karl Fischer titration

When working with difficult samples, such as plastics, salts or other compounds that release their water slowly or require elevated temperatures to do so, labs turn to the Metrohm® 874 USB Oven Sample Processor.

Its sample rack can be adjusted to accommodate users’ own sample vessels, and it can be combined with a wide range of titrators for volumetric and coulometric water determination.

Place hermetically sealed sample vials on the rack; these vials are heated in the oven to release the water, then a double-hollow needle pierces the septum and a stream of carrier gas transports the moisture to the titration cell for subsequent analysis. Since the sample never enters the titration cell, side reactions with the KDF reagent used is completely avoided.

For samples of unknown origin, the 874 Oven can record the heating curves to help determine the optimum temperature required for analysis.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. For a complete list of products and services visit www.metrohmusa.com.

Metrohm 90X Titrando^®: the titrator of choice for highly regulated labs

1-touch Intelligence^® is foundation of the Metrohm Titrando family with its many GLP loving features, but the 90X takes compliance to an even higher level. As the only stand-alone titrator to feature an audit trail, it has become a fast favorite of pharmaceutical and food & beverage testing labs.

Start any one of your favorite methods with a single touch, your titration is fully automated—including sample preparation! A self-test of the working electrode, titrant, application parameters and more ensure reliable and reproducible results. “Smart” data chips in the electrode and dosing unit alert you to any issues, e.g, an out-of-spec electrode or expired titrant, before your program can even run. And if something is wrong, Titrando will tell you what it is and how to fix it!

The standard features of all Titrandos are here, too, including: preprogrammed methods, method templates and calculation formulas to ease programming and simplify operation for users of all levels; convenient remote operation; network connectivity to share, save and print reports; internet access through LabLink, and more.

All Metrohm systems come with a 3-year warranty and fully backed by our expert Applications Laboratory support team. For a complete list of products and services visit

Trace-level determination of perfluorinated compounds in water using ion chromatography

The currently used method for the determination of anionic perfluorinated surfactants is LC-MS/MS. The analytical methods for the determination of PFOS and PFOA in water samples generally employ a C18-SPE column, either with or without ion pairing or acidification, followed by LC-MS/MS. However, this method suffers from relatively high running and investment costs.

The new Metrohm method is a good alternative regarding both investment on instrumentation and usability. The method is based on suppressed ion chromatography with isocratic elution on a reversed-phase column thermostated at 35 °C using an aqueous mobile phase containing boric acid and acetonitrile. The used detection technique is conductivity.

While PFOA and PFOS determination in low salt-containing water samples can be performed using straightforward direct injection chromatography, samples with higher alkaline-earth-metal concentration, e.g. tap, lake, sludge or river water samples, should pass over a cation exchanger such as Metrohm’s Sample Preparation Module «SPM» prior to separation. Please download the technical poster here.

Metrosep C 4: improved cation separation thanks to a new column material

More theoretical plates, better detection limits

The Metrosep C 4 column has a clearly improved peak shape which leads to a better separation of the individual peaks. Direct comparison has revealed that using the Metrosep C 4 the number of theoretical plates per meter is higher than that obtained on the Metrosep C 2 or Cation 1-2 columns. Additionally, for standard cations, transition metals and amines, the Metrosep C 4 column shows better results with regard to peak shape, peak height, resolution and asymmetry factor. Especially for monovalent cations, the C 4 column achieves a very high number of theoretical plates per meter, thus yielding outstanding detection limits and an improved separation of sodium and ammonium. Please downoad the technical poster.

Automated determination of the hydroxyl number (HN) according to ASTM E 1899-08 and DIN 53240-2

The method suggested in ASTM E 1899-08 is based on the reaction of the primary and secondary hydroxyl groups with excess toluene-4-sulfonyl-isocyanate (TSI) to form an acidic carbamate. The latter can then be titrated in a non-aqueous medium with the strong base tetrabutyl-ammonium hydroxide (TBAOH).

The method suggested in DIN 53240-2 is based on the catalyzed acetylation of the hydroxyl group. After hydrolysis of the intermediate, the remaining acetic acid is titrated in a non-aqueous medium with alcoholic KOH solution.

The two methods allow, for example, the determination of polyols and oxooils without any tedious and time consuming sample preparation and is therefore a big benefit for laboratories that have to analyze a great number of these samples per day. Please download the technical poster.

New Metrohm brochure and webpage «Petrochemical analysis»

«Petrochemical Analysis», which can be ordered free of charge, draws on the company’s comprehensive know-how in assuring the quality of petroleum products. Using the most important national and international standards (ASTM, DIN, ISO, UOP …) as a basis, «Petrochemical Analysis» suggests methods as well as instrumentation suited best to check crucial parameters such as

• base number (TBN)
• acid number (TAN)
• hydroxyl number
• chlorine content
• water content
• oxidation stability
• elemental sulfur and sulfuric compounds
• heavy metals
• pH value
• and many more

Methods covered include potentiometric, colorimetric and Karl Fischer titration (volumetric and coulometric), oxidation stability, ion chromatography, voltammetry, atline and online process analysis. «Petrochemical Analysis» is a highly valuable tool for anyone who is involved in the professional quality assurance of petroleum products.

The easiest way to access Metrohm’s complete know-how on petrochemical analysis is the website petro.metrohm.com Here you can find a multitude of applications as well as information on analytical instrumentation for the petrochemical industry. Downloads are free of charge.

New Metrohm brochure and webpage «Water Analysis»

«Water Analysis», which can be ordered free of charge, is a condensed summary of the company’s comprehensive know-how in assuring the quality of water in its various forms and uses:

• drinking water
• sea water
• water for pharmaceutical use
• ultrapure water
• cooling water and boiler feed water
• process water
• waste water

Using the most important national and international standards (DIN, EPA, ISO, ASTM …) as a matrix, «Water Analysis» suggests methods and instrumentation suited best to check the respective parameters. Methods include pH and conductivity measurement, titration, ion chromatography, voltammetry, atline and online process analysis. «Water Analysis» is of great value for anyone who is involved in the professional quality assurance of water.

The easiest way to access Metrohm’s complete know-how on water analysis is the website water.metrohm.com. Here you can find a multitude of applications as well as information on analytical instrumentation for water analysis. Downloads are free of charge.

815 Robotic Soliprep – new automation possibilities in ion chromatography

The 815 Robotic Soliprep is a state-of-the-art sample processor, which reliably transfers both liquid and solid samples to an ion chromatograph. A broad range of working steps such as pulverizing, homogenizing, extracting, filtering or diluting can be safely entrusted to the 815 Robotic Soliprep and included in the analysis method. Due to the incorporation of inline sample preparation into the analysis system, manual intervention is no longer required during the determination.

The sample rack of the 815 Robotic Soliprep is equipped with various inserts, sample beakers, syringe filters and needles and can be customized on demand to meet individual customers’ specifications. Combined with Metrohm’s advanced ICs the 815 Robotic Soliprep opens up numerous new applications and application fields. Applications include, to mention just a few, the analysis of ingredients and contaminants in tablets, animal feed, sediments or food.

862 Compact Titrosampler – Unique in Size and Performance

The 862 Compact Titrosampler accommodates 12 sample beakers and allows various determinations to be carried out fully automatically, including cleaning and conditioning the electrode between the determinations. The new system features a large display, which allows the status of sample series to be followed via live titration curve. Sample series can be interrupted at any time to determine samples with higher priority.

The 862 Compact Titrosampler has a high-precision measuring input and as well as connections for an intelligent dosing unit, stirrer and USB printer. The plug-and-play functionality means that complicated configuration of the connected devices is no longer necessary. The 862 Compact Titrosampler can be operated by mouse click; various dialog options are available to adapt the instrument to the particular user.

Also available are the Food/Beverage Compact Titrosampler, which is a package for the most common applications in the food industry, and the Salt Compact Titrosampler, a complete package for the determination of chloride in a diversity of samples.
 

864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor – automatic weighing, dissolving, analyzing in one system

One system does it all

Metrohm’s 864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor is the first sample processor with a patented weighing technique for weighing out the sample directly on the sample rack. Thus, weighing out and analyzing the sample are integrated in a single system. Not only does automation save time and costs. As manual sample transfer from the balance to the rack has been eliminated, the risk of sample mix-ups is virtually zero.

Perfectly easy to operate

All that the operator has to do is put the sample on the rack and press «START». The 864 Robotic Balance Processor carries out the weighing and analysis fully automatically. The titration and control software tiamo™ allows flexible control of the whole titration system and at the same time guarantees full traceability of the results. Due to its compact size, space requirement for the 864 Robotic Balance Sampler are very low. The new system comes with a complete package including titrator, pumps, balance and further accessories.

883 Basic IC plus – small size, big performance

The 883 Basic IC plus features all the intelligent functions of Metrohm’s high end ion chromatographs. The iColumn technology facilitates the handling of columns and protects them against operational damage. Also included are the intelligent high-pressure pump iPump and the iDetector, Metrohm’s intelligent conductivity detector. Both components guarantee precise results and virtually eliminate operator errors. Moreover, the 883 Basic IC plus is equipped with Metrohm’s «MSM II» Suppressor Module for chemical suppression.

Operation of the 883 can be completely automated. For this, Metrohm offers the 883 Basic IC plus Package, which contains the 863 Compact IC Autosampler as well as the 883 Basic IC plus. This package is tailor-made for routine work and contains everything need for the automation of routine analyses. The 883 Basic IC plus is controlled by the MagIC Net™ Basic software, making operation of the system perfectly easy.

90X Titrando – the new benchmark in high-end titration

Highlights of the new Titrando 90X series

• The automatic GLP-compliant electrode test leaves nothing to chance. Reliable and reproducible results are guaranteed.
• Methods can be linked to a «favourite» icon on the starting screen of the 840 Touch Control. Titrations are started by pressing just one button.
• iConnect and iTrodes – digital data transfer and automatic electrode recognition. The data chip of the intelligent sensor stores all important sensor data.· More intelligence: The data chip of the exchange unit or dosing unit stores all important titrant data.
• Numerous worked-out methods and titration examples enhance ease of use. Method templates and calculation formula templates are available for developing individual methods.
• Lab Link provides access to the intranet. Reports can be printed on a network printer or saved on a network drive. The system can be operated by remote control.
• Combining the 90X Titrando and Metrohm’s tiamo™ software, users profit from a client-server database.
• The Titrando system can be fully automated including sample preparation

Determination of Halogens by Combustion Ion Chromatography

RoHS legislation calls for suitable technology

RoHS legislation around the world calls for suitable technology for the rapid monitoring of organohalogen compounds in matrices such as coal, crude oil, naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas, etc. However, the samples are often difficult to bring into solution and thus require complex and time-consuming sample preparation procedures. Metrohm’s Combustion IC system is the answer.

Halogen determination with minimum effort

After an upstream thermal oxidative digestion, which takes place in the combustion system, the liberated gases are trapped in an oxidizing aqueous absorbent. This is then directly injected into the sample loop of a Metrohm 881 Compact IC pro. The MagIC Net software reliably controls the analysis and automatically calculates the sulfur and mass fraction for each sample. Please downoad the technical poster here.

Fully automatic sample preparation for ion chromatography

Metrohm’s Inline Sample Preparation (MISP) provides an elegant answer sparing users from manual sample preparation. MISP stands for a range of methods that allow users to fully automate the preparation of difficult samples thus saving a great deal on time and money while improving the accuracy of their analyses:

• Metrohm inline ultrafiltration reliably removes particles from the sample. As a result the analytical column is protected from contamination and its lifetime considerably increased.
• Metrohm inline dialysis is another technique effectively removing particles, oil drops and colloids from the sample to be analyzed. Emulsions, samples containing fats and proteins, body fluids and strongly polluted wastewater can be reliably determined without damaging the column. Please download the technical poster. 
• Metrohm inline dilution provides for automatic dilution of the sample depending on the predefined concentration limits. Even the dilution factor is determined automatically making sure that results lie always within the calibration range and thus are correct. Please download the technical poster. 
• Metrohm inline matrix elimination allows the matrix to be removed automatically without requiring the use of cartridges. Ion analysis in organic solvents is one of the applications. Please download the technical poster. 
• Metrohm inline preconcentration uses a preconcentration column and is ideally suited for trace analysis down to the ng/L concentration range.
• Metrohm inline calibration allows to calibrate any standard concentration in the ppt range by using one single standard solution at the ppb level. Please download the technical poster.
• Metrohm inline neutralization adjusts the pH of samples in order to prevent interferences with the analysis of anions. When combined with inline preconcentration, inline neutralization makes trace anion analysis possible.

864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor – automatic weighing, dissolving, analyzing in one system

One system does it all

Metrohm’s 864 Robotic Balance Sample Processor is the first sample processor with a patented weighing technique for weighing out the sample directly on the sample rack. Thus, weighing out and analyzing the sample are integrated in a single system. Not only does automation save time and costs. As manual sample transfer from the balance to the rack has been eliminated, the risk of sample mix-ups is virtually zero.

Perfectly easy to operate

All that the operator has to do is put the sample on the rack and press «START». The 864 Robotic Balance Processor carries out the weighing and analysis fully automatically. The titration and control software tiamo™ allows flexible control of the whole titration system and at the same time guarantees full traceability of the results. Due to its compact size, space requirement for the 864 Robotic Balance Sampler are very low. The new system comes with a complete package including titrator, pumps, balance and further accessories.

862 Compact Titrosampler – Unique in Size and Performance

The 862 Compact Titrosampler accommodates 12 sample beakers and allows various determinations to be carried out fully automatically, including cleaning and conditioning the electrode between the determinations. The new system features a large display, which allows the status of sample series to be followed via live titration curve. Sample series can be interrupted at any time to determine samples with higher priority.

The 862 Compact Titrosampler has a high-precision measuring input as well as connections for an intelligent dosing unit, stirrer and USB printer. The plug-and-play function means that complicated configuration of the connected devices is no longer necessary. The 862 Compact Titrosampler can be operated by mouse-click; various dialog options are available to adapt the instrument to the particular user.

Also available are the Food/Beverage Compact Titrosampler, which is a package for the most common applications in the food industry, and the Salt Compact Titrosampler, a complete package for the determination of chloride in a diversity of samples.
 

Mercury and Arsenic Speciation Analysis by IC-ICP/MS

Depending on the pH and the redox potential, chromium, for example, can interconvert bi-directionally between Cr³⁺ and the highly toxic and carcinogenic Cr⁶⁺. Similarly, mercury tends to undergo various transformations when released into the environment. It is found in several forms, particularly as elemental mercury (Hg⁰), inorganic mercury (Hg²⁺) and biologically active organic mercury (methylmercury CH₃Hg⁺).

By introducing enriched isotopic species spikes into the analytical process, one can correct for and measure those interconversions to derive true concentrations of the species. While arsenic compounds can be analyzed without applying SIDMS, several commonly used extraction techniques used for mercury speciation in biological samples (e.g. tuna fish tissue as in EPA 6800) are evaluated by applying both SIDMS and external calibration. For more information please download the technical poster.

Monitoring of pickling baths in the steel industry

Pickling baths are used in steel production to remove scale and oxides from the surface and to prepare it for subsequent process steps. The baths used are made up of diluted acids (e.g. HCl, H₂SO₄) or mixtures of acids (e.g. H₂SO₄ / H₃PO₄ / HF). In order to improve bath utilization, used acids in the pickling process have to be replenished from time to time. Additionally, the monitoring of the continuous steel production process requires skilled laboratory personnel that is often not available around the clock.

That is where 875 ProcessLab comes in. ProcessLab analyzes fully automatically all relevant process parameters of steel pickling baths. Immediately after sampling all analytical data are available. Even better: If concentrations of the additives in question drop below certain limits, the system calculates the correct amounts to be added and, if required, also supplies them fully automatically. All results are recorded and stored in a database and are available for data export or a process control system.

ProcessLab is the key to operating pickling baths in steel production more economically and ecologically thus cutting costs both for operation and waste disposal.

A recent publication with further details and a Metrohm Application Bulletin can be downloaded at www.metrohm.com

871 Bioscan – Robust Instrumentation for Glycobiology Research

Rugged hardware makes the difference

Ion chromatography coupled with pulsed amperometric detection has been used for quite a while as a technique to study carbohydrates. However, the ruggedness of the detector has sometimes been unsatisfactory. Recent developments by Metrohm in hardware design have addressed this challenge and resulted in the 871 Bioscan. Thorough testing has proved this instrument’s ruggedness and capability to produce long-term stable quality results that meet the demands of modern glycobiology.

Long-term stability of results proved

In the test, an 871 Bioscan was programmed to run a 10-hour analysis of 60 injections, shut down for a period of 5 hours, restart and run another 10-hour analysis involving 60 injections. It performed these functions without fail for the entire 30-day test period. As for method ruggedness, the study confirmed that crucial parameters such as drift of peak area, retention time and concentration were all within the accepted limits of up to 5% drift over time.The result of the study shows that not only can glycobiologists rely on the 871 Bioscan to perform under tough conditions but to do so while consistently yielding reliable results.

Ion Chromatography: Fully Automated Inline Eluent Preparation

A proven system

Using the 800 Dosino and the 849 Level Control as the only additional devices, Metrohm’s intelligent IC systems – the 850 Professional IC and the Compact IC family – can be easily extended to perform any inline eluent preparation. Controlled by the MagIC Net™ software, the 849 Level Control monitors the eluent level while the 800 Dosino performs all dosing and liquid handling tasks.

Excellent retention-time stability

In a test, consecutive injections of a 250-µg/L standard over approximately 20 days revealed an excellent retention-time stability. After more than 800 consecutive injections, relative standard deviations for standard anions and cations were smaller than 0.55 and 0.41% respectively. In the case of a 24-hour sequence, retention-time precision for anions and cations was better than 0.09 and 0.08%, respectively. In short, Metrohm’s inline eluent preparation system increases the retention-time reproducibility and allows the continuous determination of anions and cations without manual eluent preparation.
Please download the technical poster.

Determination of Halogens by Combustion Ion Chromatography

RoHS legislation calls for suitable technology

RoHS legislation around the world calls for suitable technology for the rapid monitoring of organohalogen compounds in matrices such as coal crude oil, naphtha, liquefied petroleum gas, etc. ICP-MS and ISE are up to the job and so is IC. However, the samples are often difficult to bring into solution and thus require complex and time-consuming sample preparation procedures. Metrohm’s Combustion IC system is the answer.

Halogen determination with minimum effort

After an upstream thermal oxidative digestion, which takes place in the combustion system, the liberated gases are trapped in an oxidizing aqueous absorbent. This is then directly injected into the sample loop of a Metrohm 881 Compact IC pro. The MagIC Net software reliably controls the analysis and automatically calculates the sulfur and mass fraction for each sample.
Please download the technical poster.

Metrohm opens new Regional Support Center in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

Metrohm’s new RSC supports Metrohm agencies in the Middle East and North East Africa in their business activities both with technical and human resources. End users can participate in training courses or individual trainings for Metrohm instruments either on their own premises or in the new RSC in Sharjah. The new RSC is staffed with a dedicated team of professionals who can service and support the complete range of Metrohm instruments.

The new premises are fully equipped with state-of-the-art laboratories to provide customer support in developing and testing applications. Metrohm’s new RSC in Sharjah brings the company closer to their goal to maintain the same high service and support standards worldwide – a great bonus for all customers, and particularly for those who are global players themselves.

Determination of Melamine in Food by Ion Chromatography

Melamine is an industrial chemical in the production of resins, which are used in laminates, glues, adhesives and plastics. It has won a sad notoriety as an illicit adulterant to simulate higher protein levels in milk powder and other food.

The new method to detect melamine contamination in food relies on the high accuracy and sensitivity of the 844 UV/VIS Compact IC, Metrohm’s all-in-one system for the spectrophotometric determination of polar substances, anions and cations. Sample preparation is perfectly convenient due to Metrohm’s patented inline sample dialysis. This kind of Metrohm inline sample preparation effectively eliminates the organic matrix. The new Metrohm IC Application Note on the determination of melamine in food by ion chromatography can be downloaded here

Carbohydrate analysis in essential and non-essential foodstuffs

Ion chromatography – more economical than competing methods

The most commonly applied analytical techniques for determining carbohydrates are H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), gas and liquid chromatography (GC/LC) followed by mass spectrometry (MS). While spectroscopic methods require expensive instruments and highly skilled operators, gas chromatography methods depend on time-consuming derivatizations. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography provides an alternative that is both less expensive than MS and faster than GC.

The challenge in carbohydrate detection

In strongly alkaline mobile phases, sugar anions are separated on a positively charged strong anion-exchange resin. Subtle differences in the pKa values of the carbohydrate hydroxyl groups allow efficient separation of low-molecular saccharides. However, sensitive and straightforward detection of the separated carbohydrates has long been a challenge. Ultraviolet and fluorescence detectors cannot be used due to the lack of chromatophores and fluorophores, and refractive index detection suffers from poor sensitivity and the fact that gradient elution is not applicable.

PAD as a highly versatile solution

Since carbohydrates are electrochemically active, amperometric detection can be used to overcome these problems. A triple-step potential waveform referred to as pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) is applied. Initially a positive potential (E1) is applied to determine the target analytes, followed by the application of a second, more positive potential (E2) for oxidative removal of any reaction products from the electrode surface. The third, negative potential (E3) is applied to reduce any surface oxides on the electrode surface. The entire three-stage process typically lasts one second and is repeated once per second to prevent electrode fouling. Apart from carbohydrates, PAD can be used for determining amino sugars, amino acids, biogenic amines, sulfur-containing species, alcohols and some antibiotics. The instrument of choice for these applications is Metrohm’s «sugar analyzer», the 871 Advanced Bioscan.

New Metrohm General Catalogue available now

You can order your free personal copy from your local Metrohm sales representative or download the document here.

The order numbers are:

• 8.000.5002DE (German)
• 8.000.5002EN (English)
• 8.000.5002ES (Spanish, to be published soon)
• 8.000.5002FR (French, to be published soon)

Metrohm^® 827 pH Lab meter

Eco Chemie Autolab Spincoater from Metrohm USA, Inc

Metrohm USA, Inc. offers the Eco Chemie Autolab Spincoater for creating biological self-assembled monolayers as well as uniform layers of polymers and metal oxides on a substrate. This affordable, tabletop spin-coating system manually controls rotation speed from 100–10,000 rpm with an accuracy of 2 rpm in steps of 100 rpm. The speed controller can accept an external input for programmable speed control, allowing multistage spinning. Standard disk size is 25 mm; other disk sizes and options for automated dispensing are also available.

Eco Chemie Autolab electrochemical systems from Metrohm USA Inc

Metrohm USA offers the Eco Chemie Autolab potentiostat/galvanostat systems, which offer high-resolution measurements and PC-controlled modular options for your electrochemical requirements. With a wide selection of techniques, models µAutolab III, PGSTAT12, PGSTAT302N, and PGSTAT100 are ideal for a variety of applications—fuel cell, battery, biosensor, plating, coatings, and corrosion. Their integrated modular design allows you to create an individualized, expandable workstation as your needs change. Options include bipotentiostat, analog scans, electrochemical impedance, low current measurements, and multiplexing.

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Metrohm^®

Metrohm USA proudly offers the Metrohm 797 Computrace PC-controlled voltammetry system for routine plating bath analyses. Compact, versatile 797 Computrace is ideal for busy production environments: choose between CVS and CPVS techniques for brighter and suppressor determinations or standard voltammetry techniques for other bath components. Standard features include integrated USB and automation interfaces as well as Windows® 2000/XP Professional-based software for data analysis, controlling analysis parameters, and monitoring sample determinations. As is customary with all instruments available through us, 797 Computrace is backed by expert application and service support.

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Metrohm ProcessLab Automated At-line Analyzer for Food Testing

Metrohm USA proudly introduces Metrohm® ProcessLab, a fully customized, at-line automation analyzer. The system uses proven hardware and software, including micro sample loops, overflow pipettes, pumps, valves, stirrers and Dosinos®. Advantages to the process industry: • Modular, compact and robust design allows for installation at the process line, pilot plant or laboratory. • Hermetical separation of electronics protects the unit against dust and liquids. • Industrial PC and PLC driven controller allows for extensive communication within a process environment. ProcessLab carries out analyses including pH, acid value, chloride and vitamin C, all without operator intervention. It can also be equipped with a high-speed homogenizer for the dissolution of solids as well as hot water to dissolve powders.

Metrohm Rancimat^® Model 743 for Oxidative Stability Testing

Metrohm USA proudly offers the Metrohm Rancimat 743 for handling high sample volumes in the QC environment and meeting the exacting demands of oxidative stability research. Rancimat 743 features: a wide temperature range (50°C to 200°C); 8 independently controlled sample positions; 2 heating blocks; and Windows® software for creating sample-specific methods, parameter modifications, data storage, and control of up to 4 separate units (32 samples) and 8 separate temperatures. It is accepted for the AOCS Air Oxidative Methods.

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VELP Scientifica^® environmental research testing instruments

Metrohm USA proudly offers the VELP Scientifica® instruments for performing EPA methods. These user-friendly instruments streamline your EPA procedures and ensure accurate results for Kjeldahl, separation and extraction: • DK digestion blocks are available in 6°, 8°, 20° and 42° positions with 100 ml and 250 ml test tubes • UDK distillation models made from basic to fully automatic systems with integrated potentiometric or internal colorimetric titrators • SER 148 solvent extractors optimize manual operation and the reduce extraction time of oil and grease from wastewater As is customary with all instruments available through us, VELP Scientifica is backed by expert application and service support. For more information on products and services available through Metrohm USA, visit us online at www.metrohmusa.com.

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Metrohm^® ProcessLab fully customizable, automated at-line analysis systems

Metrohm USA proudly offers the ProcessLab—fully customizable, automated at-line analysis systems for QA/QC testing in virtually any industry. Using familiar Windows®-like software and Metrohm-reliable system components that include micro sample loops, overflow pipettes, pumps, valves, stirrers and top-down Dosino® dosing units, ProcessLab is an affordable alternative to more costly, on-line analysis systems Configure ProcessLab for a wide range of applications, including direct measurement (pH, Redox, conductivity, ISE), aqueous and non-aqueous titrations, volumetric Karl Fischer and more; analyses are completely automated—with no operator intervention at all! Key features include a compact and robust housing for installation right at the process line, pilot plant or laboratory; its modularity allows customization for virtually any type of analysis testing; and its industrial PC- and PLC-driven controller allows extensive communication/data transfer within the process environment. As is customary with all instruments available through us, ProcessLab is backed by expert application and service support. For more information on products and services available through Metrohm USA

ASTM D 7319 sulfate and chloride in denatured ethyl alcohol: Metrohm^® IC System meets new ASTM requirement.

Ethanol is a promising alternative fuel but contamination of inorganic salt ions such as chloride, nitrate and sulfate can cause corrosion of engine parts. These ions can also affect the engine performance because precipitating salts clog filters and fuel injector nozzles. Recognizing the need for validated quality control methods, ASTM balloted and approved a sulfate specification for fuel ethanol stipulating a maximum level of sulfate in ethanol of 4 mg/kg (ppm) and a chloride contamination limit of 40 mg/kg (ppm). Recently, ASTM has lowered the chloride limit to 10 mg/kg in newly published specification for fuel blending (D4806). Metrohm has developed a convenient direct injection suppressed ion chromatography method for determining chloride and sulfate at these much lower limits. The method is fully compliant with ASTM D 7319 and ASTM D 4806. As is customary with all instruments available through us, Ion Chromatography products are backed by expert application and service support. Metrohm and design® is a registered trademark of Metrohm Ltd.

Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation (MISP) Systems

Metrohm’s MISP system can dramatically reduce operating costs and significantly increase accuracy. Previously, sample prepa¬ration steps were carried out before the sample was placed on the sample changer but now these steps are performed inline. Inline ultrafiltration – Low to medium load surface water, ground water, waste water, digestion/ extraction solutions etc. Inline Dialysis –Determination ionic contents of milk, dairy products, emulsions, dispersions, fresh fruit juice with pulp Inline Matrix Elimination – Ions in solvents and matrices like H2O2. The ions are trapped on preconcentration column and the matrix washed away. Inline Neutralization – Anions concentrated and viscous alkalis/acids. Neutralization is carried out inline while two other units are regenerated and rinsed offline, in parallel. Inline Preconcentration – Quality of ultrapure water in power plant and semiconductor industries. Inline Calibration – Reliable and reproducible calibrations at very low concentrations which may require preconcentration. As is customary with all instruments available through us, Metrohm Inline Sample Preparation systems are backed by expert application and service support.

888 Titrando^® and 890 Titrando^® – routine analysis at the highest level

With the 888 Titrando for potentiometric titration and the 890 Titrando for Karl Fischer titration, Metrohm opens up the Titrando world for the price-conscious customer. Both instruments have been designed for routine analysis in titration laboratories and are simple and convenient to operate. The 888 and 890 Titrandos are equipped with the intelligence required for the control of sample changers - simply connect the sample changer to the USB interface and the world of automation opens up to you. Standard application methods can be modified according to user requirements. Method and calculation equation templates are provided for method development. Both systems easily connect to balances, printers, PCs, PC keyboards, barcode readers and sample changers. Both instruments can be controlled as either stand-alone systems with the ergonomic Touch Control operational element or via the PC using tiamo™ software. As is customary with all instruments available through us, Titrando® and tiamoTM are backed by expert application and service supports.

Metrohm^® Robotic Soliprep

Metrohm’s fully automated Robotic Soliprep system is designed for the preparation of samples for ion chromatography, HPLC, ICP, trace metal analysis, titrimetric and direct measurement applications. This robust system can accurately add solvents, homogenize, filter, dilute, transfer solutions to sealed vials andeven titrate or measure directly with no user intervention. Taking up minimal bench space, it also makes routine, daily sample preparation work easier and more reproducible—completing each sample under exactly the same conditions.

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860 Karl Fischer Thermoprep – simple, safe and precise sample preparation

The 860 KF Thermoprep is the new Metrohm instrument for thermal sample preparation in Karl Fischer titration. It can be combined with a wide range of titrators for volumetric and coulometric water determination.

Benefits of thermal sample preparation...

The 860 KF Thermoprep heats the sample under investigation in a hermetically sealed vessel. The moisture liberated from the sample is transferred via a carrier gas stream into the titration cell where it is determined. This means that the 860 KF Thermoprep is the ideal instrument for reliable analysis of difficult samples, such as plastics or salts, which release their water very slowly or only at elevated temperatures and are therefore not suitable for direct KF titration. As the sample does not enter the titration cell, side reactions with the KF reagents are eliminated

Simple operation, high occupational safety...

Thanks to the clearly arranged menu navigation, all parameters can be set with just a few keys to suit individual requirements. The sophisticated design of the 860 KF Thermoprep prevents the needle from descending outside the septum. In most cases the oven method requires no toxic solvents, so no harmful solvent vapors can escape into the lab.

Analysis of Food Samples with Ion Chromatography after Inline Dialysis

Metrohm’s patented stopped-flow dialysis paves the way for the convenient analysis of demanding samples carrying high organic loads. Shortcomings of traditional sample preparation... In complex matrices carrying high organic loads such as waste water, soil eluates or dairy products, extensive sample preparation is mandatory to prevent destruction of the column. Traditional preparation techniques such as the Carrez precipitation do not provide a satisfying answer as they are both tedious and error-prone. Inline sample preparation in 10 minutes... Metrohm’s compact stopped-flow dialysis does. It is based on the selective diffusion of ions from one liquid (sample or donor solution) to another (acceptor solution) through a membrane. Contrary to dynamic dialysis, where two solutions continuously pass through the dialysis module, the donor solution is temporarily stopped as soon as the concentration in the acceptor solution is the same as that in the donor solution. This patented stopped-flow procedure takes between 10 and 14 minutes and can be directly coupled to an IC setup. As the dialysis is performed during the recording of the previous sample’s chromatogram, the overall analysis time is not significantly prolonged.

Incredibly flexible: Metrohm’s 867 pH/Ion Module

The new 867 pH Module is equipped with both conventional and intelligent measurement inputs and allows pH, potential, ion and temperature measurements. Should doubts arise as to the pH electrode's condition, the integrated electrode test quickly checks the electrode and at the same time delivers troubleshooting information. Ion measurement with ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can either be performed by direct measurement or by standard addition using an optional Dosino or 805 Dosimat.

Broad range of applications: The 867 pH Module is versatile and can be used:

- To extend a Titrando with an additional measurement input for pH or ion measurement.

- As an integrated pH or ion meter in conjunction with the software packages PC Control or tiamo™ (from version 2.0)

- As a stand-alone pH meter or ion meter together with the 840 Touch Control operating unit.

- As a fully automated pH meter or ion meter combined with Metrohm USB Sample Processors.

Regardless of the application – measurements always meet FDA standard 21 CFR Part 11 requirements.

Plug-and-play functionality for numerous peripheral devices.

Free multimedia guide for Karl Fischer titration available now!

What you always wanted to know about Karl Fischer titration …

Metrohm’s free multimedia guide is based on the installation manual of our new Karl Fischer titrator, the 870 KF Titrino plus. It draws on the comprehensive know-how of our specialists in KF titration and is intended for experienced staff and beginners alike. Plenty of video cutscenes and animated illustrations make watching the DVD a pleasure. Not only do you learn how to set up your KF titration cell correctly, but also how to use your KF standards.

Valuable tips and tricks straight from our lab

Getting difficult samples into the titration cell can be a challenge. Our specialists give you practical tips how to best add solid, liquid or viscous samples into the KF titration cell.

Become a Karl Fischer expert in no time!

Do you know the perfect pH for Karl Fischer titration? What’s the difference between a one- and a two-component reagent? The comprehensive glossary explains the basics of KF titration and the most frequently used terms. Don’t hesitate – ask your Metrohm sales representative for your free copy of the Metrohm multimedia guide for Karl Fischer titration today!

The master class of dosing and liquid handling: Metrohm's 800 Dosino

The Dosino technology applies the classic piston buret concept «upside down», i.e. the drive is located above the high-precision glass cylinder. The advantages of this concept are numerous:

• In case of a leak, the substances to be dosed out (which may be aggressive) cannot damage the drive.·
• The Dosing Units of the 800 Dosino can be mounted directly on bottles and canisters equipped with GL45 screw threads. Adapters are available for the other types of threads.·
• The ceramic disk located beneath the glass cylinder serves four freely definable ports for dosing functions.·
• The glass cylinder can be emptied completely, the remaining dead volume is extremely small.·
• The 800 Dosino can aspirate defined volumes of several solutions (and air), mix them, dilute them and dose them.

The 800 Dosino is controlled either via PC by Metrohm’s tiamo ™ software or by the 840 Touch Control operating unit. The 800 Dosino is ideal for applications such as

• synthesising metal-organic compounds·
• preparing demanding and/or toxic standard solutions·
• determining pharmaceutical ingredients

Metrohm monographs – great practical value free of charge

A first group of theses short books present the fundamentals of the various ion analytical methods. A second group covers important fields of application. Finally, a third group puts a focus on practical training in analytical methods for university students. The most recent publications and their Metrohm order numbers (in brackets) are:

Practical Titration (8.029.5003)

This titration tutorial is primarily intended for training purposes but can also be used to advantage in any laboratory. It is intended to explain the theory in a simple manner and, by using practical examples, demonstrate just how versatile and accurate titrimetric analyses are.

Practical aspects of modern titration (8.015.5003)

This monograph covers the practical dimensions of sample preparation, presents the basic principles of titrimetric analysis and advice on how to perform titrations.

Practical Ion Chromatography (8.792.5013)

This monograph demonstrates that IC is not just an analytical exaltation, but that it can provide fast answers to basic questions such as: Is the drinking water suitable for baby food? How much nitrate is there in the spinach? Is the wastewater hazardous to the environment? A separate theoretical part provides the theoretical background to understand the practical aspects.

Practical Voltammetry (8.757.5003)

The 13 experiments described in this monograph are intended to introduce the reader to the basic principles of polarography and voltammetry using a mercury electrode and provide examples showing the use of these methods in analytical chemistry.

Practical thermometric titrimetry (8.036.5003)

This monograph is intended primarily for practicing industrial analytical chemists as an introduction to the technique of thermometric titrimetry. The main purpose is to describe the basics of the technique as well as a range of applications that are suitable for use with the 859 Titrotherm thermometric titration system.

Voltammetric analysis methods in electroplating (8.108.5002)

This monograph presents 77 methods for determining a broad range of components of galvanic baths and sewages.

Analysis of water samples and water constituents with Metrohm instruments (8.038.5001)

Humans depend on pure and clean water. The most diverse regulations and guidelines have been developed worldwide and have given rise to an independent branch of analytical science. This monograph explains which parameters and water constituents can be analyzed with Metrohm instruments.

Air monitoring by ion chromatography (8.035.5003)

A literature reference book for different types of air analysis.

Water determination by Karl Fischer Titration (8.026.5003)

This monograph describes the basics of Karl Fischer titration. It covers not the KF reagents, chemical reactions, volumetric and coulometric titration and the various detection methods, but also deals with aspects such as interfering side reactions and sample preparation techniques. The second part of the monograph contains detailed procedures for the determination of water in different samples and covers more than 900 substances.

Thermometric Titration – The Missing Piece in the Titration Puzzle

In all cases the titration can be carried out without any special sample preparation and the results are usually obtained very fast.

Fast response of sensors

In a thermometric titration, reagent solution (titrant) is added to the sample at a constant rate until the endpoint is reached. The latter can be recognized by a break in the titration curve obtained by plotting the amount of titrant added to the sample versus the temperature. The second derivative of the temperature curve yields the endpoint. Since the temperature sensor has a response time of 0.3 s and a resolution of10–5 K, even small enthalpy changes are reliably monitored.With the 859 Titrotherm Metrohm offers a well proven system for thermometric titration and provides applications for many industries. Please download the technical poster.

Analysis of Food Samples with Ion Chromatography after Inline Dialysis

Shortcomings of traditional sample preparation

In complex matrices carrying high organic loads such as waste water, soil eluates or dairy products, extensive sample preparation is mandatory to prevent destruction of the column. Traditional preparation techniques such as the Carrez precipitation do not provide a satisfying answer as they are both tedious and error-prone.

 Inline sample preparation in 10 minutes

 Metrohm’s compact stopped–flow dialysis does. It is based on the selective diffusion of ions from one liquid (sample or donor solution) to another (acceptor solution) through a membrane. Contrary to dynamic dialysis, where two solutions continuously pass through the dialysis module, the donor solution is temporarily stopped as soon as the concentration in the acceptor solution is the same as that in the donor solution. This patented stopped-flow procedure takes between 10 and 14 minutes and can be directly coupled to an IC setup. As the dialysis is performed during the recording of the previous sample’s chromatogram, the overall analysis time is not significantly prolonged.

New rotating Pt-disk electrode for CVS applications

The new electrode with a platinum diameter of 1 mm has been developed specially for use in CVS analyses. It can also be used in research for recording cyclic voltammograms (CV).

This electrode is particularly recommended if you want to accelerate your measuring procedures without compromising on accuracy. Rapid conditioning means that very little time is lost on preparation steps. Thus you can start measuring sooner than it was previously possible. Further advantages of the new electrode:

• Outstanding reproducibility of the measurements·
• Lower background current·
• Excellent resistance to concentrated acids, oxidants and organic solvent

Each electrode comes with its own individual quality certificate. The test cyclic voltammogram contained in the certificate is a fingerprint of the electrode at the time of delivery. It can be compared at any time with a currently recorded cyclic voltammogram, thus allowing to assess the current condition of the electrode.

The new electrode can be used with existing methods without any problems. Minor adaptations only need to be made to existing CPVS methods in order to get the usual results. All other methods can be transferred directly.Metrohm has optimized its rotating Pt-disk electrode for Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping (CVS) applications. The new electrode permits even faster measurements without compromising on accuracy.
 

Analysis of Produced Water Contaminants by Ion Chromatography

Avoid clogging of your pipe system

Produced water is water trapped in underground reservoir rocks and is brought to surface along with the crude oil and gas. Besides dispersed oil droplets and dissolved organic compounds, produced water mainly contains significant amounts of inorganic cations such as calcium, magnesium, barium and strontium, and anions such as carbonate, bromide and sulfate. Precipitation of the corresponding salts often leads to the formation of scale deposits that can clog pipes.

Keep it flowing

For this reason it is of paramount importance to determine the inorganic constituents of produced water in order to choose the correct dosing of scale inhibitors. While the anions bromide, sulfate, acetate and butyrate can reliably be determined by suppressed conductivity detection, the cations magnesium, barium and strontium are determined by non-suppressed conductivity detection.

Of the numerous analytical techniques for the determination of ionic species, IC is the best suited in terms of selectivity, flexibility, automation and ruggedness. Take advantage of Metrohm’s complete offer of IC systems and stay on course to reach your production goals.

Opt for the Easy Way: Determining Glycerol in Biodiesel Using Ion Chromatography

The free and total content of glycerol in vegetable oil methyl esters (biodiesel) is of paramount importance for the quality of biodiesel. Both free and bonded glycerols (= total glycerol) lead to severe operational problems such as injector deposits and filter clogging.

Gas chromatography and its limits

The US ASTM D 6751 and the European EN 14214 specify a maximum total glycerol content of 2400 ppm (0.24%) and 2500 ppm (0.25%), respectively. The maximum free glycerol content is limited to 200 ppm (0.02%) in both standards, which stipulate gas chromatographic (GC) analysis involving time- and reagent-consuming derivatizations. In addition, GC methods encounter coelution problems with biodiesel samples produced from or containing lauric oils, such as coconut and palm kernel oil.

IC works with all types of vegetable oil methyl esters

In contrast to GC, the presented method is applicable to all types of vegetable oil methyl esters. Prior to chromatographic separation, free glycerol and bound glycerol are isolated by a straightforward extraction and saponification-extraction technique, respectively. Integrated pulsed amperometric detection following chromatographic separation achieves an outstanding method detection limit (MDL) of 0.7 ppm for free and total glycerol and thus easily exceeds ASTM and EN performance specifications.
Please download the technical poster.

Real-Time Determination of Anions and Cations in Aerosols by Ion Chromatography

Filters are only second choice

The determination of anions and cations in atmospheric aerosols yields essential information concerning atmospheric transport and transformation processes. Until now these determinations have been carried out using filters. However, this method only allows to determine averages over a time span of 24 hours or even more. Moreover, the results can be compromised by desorption processes and chemical transformations.

Quasi-continuous measurements for superior precision

In contrast to sampling devices relying on filters, using a PILS allows semi-continuous sampling of aerosols downstream from a denuder system. Subsequent to the removal of interfering gas-phase species, the remaining aerosol particles are dissolved into water phase by means of supersaturated steam. Eventually, the liquid sample is transported to the IC for analysis. The key benefit of this method is a high temporal resolution of measurements of just 5 to 15 minutes. Changes in the ionic composition of ambient air can thus be recorded almost immediately allowing a much more precise correlation with meteorological and other data. Please download the technical poster.

Combining Ultra Sensitivity and Separation Power – Hyphenated Techniques in Ion Chromatography

Combining IC with an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-MS) or an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) solves even complex separation problems while achieving outstanding sensitivities and selectivities. These so-called hyphenated techniques provide valuable information for unambiguous peak identification and are less prone to matrix influences than IC with conductivity detection.

IC–MS determines bromate and perchlorate in drinking water

Bromate, a potential carcinogen, is generated by the oxidation of bromide traces during water disinfection by ozonization. Current regulations for drinking water and mineral water stipulate limits of 10 and 3 ppb, respectively. As far as traces of Perchlorate in drinking water are concerned, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has recently developed an IC–ESI-MS method (EPA 332) with a detection limit in the sub-ppb range.

IC–ICP-MS to determine chromium, arsenic and selenium

The advantage of this technique is that it can distinguish between different oxidation states and chemical forms of the three elements mentioned above. As different valence states of an element have different properties, individual concentrations of element-containing species are, from the toxicological point of view, far more significant than total element concentrations.

Determination of Lanthanides by Ion Chromatography

Lanthanides are commonly determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) or inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Sophisticated as they are, these techniques go along with high costs of instrumentation and require highly skilled operators.

The fast lane to high-precision results

The determination of trace-levels of lanthanides by ion chromatography is achieved by using either direct non-suppressed conductivity detection or UV/VIS detection at 655 nm after post-column reaction (PCR) with arsenazo III. Conductivity detection under isocratic conditions results in overall analysis times of approx. 70 minutes. A much faster way is the determination of lanthanides via gradient elution and subsequent spectrophotometric detection of the arsenazo III-lanthanide(III) complexes, which can be performed within just 22 minutes.

Besides the short analysis time, UV/VIS detection excels by its selectivity and sensitivity and does not suffer from interferences by ever-present impurities such as iron(III) or other transition metals. Please download the technical poster.

Automated Logical Dilution for Ion Chromatography

A simple step-by-step procedure

In order to perform automated dilutions, the 850 Professional IC, the 858 Professional Sample Processor and the MagIC™ Net software are additionally equipped with a magnetic stirrer and an 800 Dosino. The latter aspirates a defined volume of undiluted sample and transfers it to the mixing vessel. Subsequently the dilution medium, generally ultrapure water, is dosed into the mixing vessel. After intensive stirring, the peristaltic pump of the sample changer transfers the sample to the injection valve of the IC.

Automatic verification for reliable results

Alternatively, the sample can be injected directly. After the quantitation of the sample’s constituents, the software verifies if the peak areas lie within the calibration range. If this is the case, the next sample will be analyzed. If not, the software, after calculating the dilution factor, will re-analyze the sample after applying the appropriate dilution.Summary: Whether the sample is diluted or directly injected, automated intelligent dilution ensures that peak areas are always within the limits of calibration.

860 KF Thermoprep – Simple, Safe and Precise Sample Preparation

Benefits of thermal sample preparation

The 860 KF Thermoprep heats the substance under investigation in a hermetically sealed vessel. The moisture liberated from the sample is transferred via a carrier gas stream into the titration cell where it is determined. This means that the 860 KF Thermoprep is the ideal instrument for reliable analysis of «difficult» samples, such as plastics or salts, which release their water very slowly or only at elevated temperatures and are therefore not suitable for direct KF titration. As the sample does not enter the titration cell, side reactions with the KF reagents used are excluded.

Simple operation, high occupational safety

Thanks to the clearly arranged menu navigation, all parameters can be set with just a few keys to suit individual requirements. The sophisticated design of the 860 KF Thermoprep prevents the needle from descending outside the septum. In most cases the oven method requires no toxic solvents, so no harmful solvent vapors can escape into the lab.

Precise results made easy

The 860 KF Thermoprep ensures identical analysis conditions for each sample. Vessels tightly sealed with a PTFE septum (headspace vials) guarantee a constant, unadulterated water content even after longer periods of storage. The heated transfer tubing prevents water vapor condensation and ensures that all the moisture arrives in the titration cell and is determined there.

New: 888 Titrando and 890 Titrando – Routine Analysis at the Highest Level

Simple and convenient to operate

Standard application methods can be modified according to user requirements. Method and calculation equation templates are provided for method development. Both systems cater for connections to scales, printers, PCs, PC keyboards, barcode readers and/or Lab Link as well as sample changers. As desired both instruments can be controlled as either stand-alone systems with the ergonomic Touch Control operational element or via the PC using tiamo™ software. This is now also possible in the Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Korean, Polish and Italian languages.

Network-compatible thanks to Lab Link

Lab Link opens up access to in-house networks for the Titrando and also makes it internet-compatible. This means that the Titrando can be incorporated into a LIMS and methods and determinations can be downloaded from network directories or can be saved in them.

Reliable quality management

The Titrando system is fully oriented towards quality management in the laboratory. Self-diagnosis as well as the monitoring of calibration data of sensors, of titers and results are possible. All alterations in methods are documented and, as a matter of course, the Titrando system complies with FDA regulation 21 CFR Part 11.

Integrated automation

The 888 and 890 Titrandos are equipped with the intelligence required for the control of sample changers. Whether small or large numbers of samples, one or two processing stations, sample volume metering, sample preparation, liquid handling, rinsing and calibration of the electrodes – simply connect the sample changer to the USB interface and the world of automation opens up to you.

Incredibly flexible: the new 867 pH Module for pH and ion measurement

The new 867 pH Module is equipped with both conventional and intelligent measurement inputs and allows pH, potential, ion and temperature measurements. Should doubts arise as to the pH electrode's condition, the integrated electrode test quickly clarifies the situation and at the same time delivers troubleshooting information. Ion measurement with ion-selective electrodes (ISE) can either be performed by direct measurement or by standard addition using an optional Dosino or 805 Dosimat.

Broad range of applications

The 867 pH Module is versatile and can be used:

• to extend a Titrando with an additional measurement input for pH or ion measurement
• as an integrated pH or ionometer in conjunction with the software packages PC Control or tiamo™ (from version 2.0)
• as a stand-alone pH meter or ion meter together with the 840 Touch Control operating unit
• as a fully automated pH meter or ion meter combined with the 814 USB Sample Processor or 815 Robotic USB Sample Processor XL

Regardless of the application – measurements always meet FDA standard 21 CFR Part 11 requirements.

Plug-and-play functionality for numerous peripheral devices

Two USB and four MSB ports make the 867 pH Module incredibly flexible. Plug-and-play functionality means the user can connect a multitude of devices:

• printers, sample changers, barcode readers, etc.
• up to four stirrers and four dosing devices for adding auxiliary solution or for fully automated standard additions

856 Conductivity Module: the new standard for conductivity measurement

Broad range of applications 

The 856 Conductivity Module is versatile and can be used:

• to extend a Titrando with an additional measurement input for pH or ion measurement
• as an integrated conductometer in conjunction with the software packages PC Control or tiamo™ (from version 2.0)
• as a stand-alone conductometer together with the 840 Touch Control operating unit
• as a fully automated conductometer combined with the 814 USB Sample Processor or 815 Robotic USB Sample Processor XL

Thanks to the galvanically separated measuring input, pH and conductivity measurements can now be performed simultaneously in the same sample vessel. Regardless of the application – measurements always meet GLP and FDA requirements.

For use with the latest conductivity measuring cell technology

The 856 Conductivity Module’s new five-ring conductivity measuring cells provide a wide linear measuring range. In contrast to four-ring cells, the electrode can be fully immersed in the sample solution. In a stirred solution, this results in faster mixing within the measuring cell. Thanks to the removable cap, the conductivity measuring cells are very easy to clean.

Plug-and-play functionality for numerous peripheral devices

Two USB and four MSB ports make the 856 Conductivity Module incredibly flexible. Plug-and-play functionality means the user can connect a multitude of devices:

• printers, sample changers, barcode readers, etc.
• up to four stirrers and four 800 Dosinos

Determination of Benzbromaron in Tablets

Benzbromaron is one of the main uricosuric drugs currently used. In addition to sophisticated and expensive LC-MS and GC-MS methods, benzbromaron can be effectively determined by titration with sodium hydroxide solution using straightforward, fully automated sample preparation. For the latter, the 815 Robotic Soliprep is the perfect instrument. 

A defined number of tablets is directly weighed out into the sample vessel. After positioning the samples on the sample rack, all relevant analysis data such as weight, position and identification of the sample are entered into the sample data table of the tiamo™ software. Prior to comminution, the sample is transported to the second workstation where 60 mL methanol is added. Subsequently the Polytron comminutes the tablet for 90 s at 25’000 rpm; comminution of three tablets requires a comminution time of 120 s. 10 mL water is added to the homogenized sample. Using the 809 Titrando and the Solvotrode, benzbromaron is titrated with sodium hydroxide solution (1 mol/L). While the benzbromaron sample is being titrated, cleaning is performed fully automatically in the external rinsing station.

Benzbromaron titration

Benzbromaron is a weak acid whose pKa (4.50) is comparable to that of acetic acid (4.75). After loss of the hydrogen ion, the negative charge at the oxygen atom is delocalised around the ring. The more stable the ion is, the more likely it is to form. Hence, titration with strong bases is a convenient method for benzbromaron determination.
 

Which electrode for which sample/application?

Metrohm provides a wide range of electrodes for almost any application. But how can you find out which one is best suited for your sample/application? 

To help you with this question we offer you charts listing specific samples/applications and the Metrohm electrodes best suited for them. On offer are «Electrodes for pH-measurement» and «Electrodes for titration». The charts are available as A4 sheets and A2 posters. Please find the order numbers below and get your own free copy from your Metrohm sales representative. The charts will also be included in the next issue of our MetrohmInfo.

Electrodes for pH measurement, A4 sheet
8.000.6001 DE in German
8.000.6001 EN in English
8.000.6001 FR in French

Electrodes for pH measurement, A2 poster
8.000.6002 DE in German
8.000.6002 EN in English
8.000.6002 FR in French

Electrodes for titration, A4 sheet
8.000.6003 DE in German
8.000.6003 EN in English

Electrodes for titration, A2 poster
8.000.6004 DE in German
8.000.6004 EN in English
 

Automated Sample Preparation for Tablet Analysis

Before ingredients in pharmaceutical tablets can be determined, sample preparation steps have to be performed that require substantial effort. Automation with Metrohm’s 815 Robotic Soliprep speeds up sample preparation while improving reproducibility and accuracy. 

Sample preparation can slow you down
The production of pharmaceutical tablets requires proof that the active ingredient content given on the package is valid for each single tablet of a batch. Various analytical techniques such as titration or ion chromatography are used for the highly accurate quantitation of the ingredients. Depending on the shape, coating, auxiliary components used and the concentration of the pharmaceutical ingredient, different sample preparation steps have to be carried out before the analysis proper.

Don’t compromise on quality
The first step is always the thorough homogenization of the tablet in a suitable solvent mixture. Depending on the determination technique applied, steps such as additional dilution or pipetting are required. In many labs these steps are carried out manually, which is not only time-consuming, but can result in carryover and erratic results.

815 Robotic Soliprep increases throughput and improves reproducibility
Using Metrohm’s 815 Robotic Soliprep, these problems are all solved by an automated system that performs every sample preparation in exactly the same way. The content of the active ingredient in a single tablet as well as the product conformity of the whole batch can be determined in a fully automated process.
 

How fresh is the fish? Determining biogenic amines in fish by ion chromatography

Sea fish has a notoriously short freshness span because of the rapid degradation of amino acids to amines. Therefore maintaining the freshness of the fish after the catch presents a major challenge to the fishing industry. A simple ion chromatographic method using conductivity detection helps to meet this challenge. It does not require an elaborate derivatization and allows the simultaneous determination of histamine, putrescine and cadaverine.

A method as simple as you can wish

5 g of sea fish is mixed with 50 mL acetate buffer pH = 4.8 and homogenized with a dispersing instrument. The sample solution is filtered and subsequently injected automatically using an IC Sample Processor. Three spiked samples are prepared in the same way by adding 300, 500 or 700 µL of a mixed amine standard to the fish prior to sample preparation. The system and the IC method are checked using various standard solutions as well as a sample solution spiked after sample preparation. The determination of the amine concentrations is carried out by calibration with external standards (7-point calibration).

A ready-made kit to get you started

A kit for testing 10 sea fish samples is available from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (formerly Fluka; Fluka no. 53851). This kit has been developed in cooperation with Metrohm and includes the IC precolumn, the reagents for the eluents as well as the buffer and the standard solutions.
 

Economic monitoring of uranium in drinking and mineral water

Determining trace levels of uranium in drinking and mineral water by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) requires expensive analytical instrumentation. In contrast, adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV) using Metrohm’s 797 VA Computrace is a straightforward, much less expensive alternative allowing measurements with superior sensitivity. 

Tight limits apply

Uranium is radioactive, toxic and a suspected teratogen. While different national health authorities prescribe limits in drinking water ranging from 0 up to 10 µg/L, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a concentration limit of 15 µg/L.

The future standard method

The AdCSV method for the voltammetric determination of the uranium content is based on complexing U(VI) with chloranilic acid (CAA) at a pH between 1.8 and 2.5. After preconcentration of the uranium-chloranilic acid complex at the working electrode, the uranium content can be determined down to the ng/L range by using the differential pulse measuring technique (DP). The determination of uranium(VI) is specific and selective, as the positive deposition potential means that other metal-CAA complexes or organic matrix components of natural waters are either not adsorbed on the working electrode or hardly adsorbed at all. The German standard DIN 38406-17 is currently being drawn up based on this AdCSV method. This means that in future the voltammetric determination of uranium can be used as a generally recognized method for monitoring drinking and mineral water in daily practice.
 

Straightforward and fast determination of phenols in various matrices

The separation of the four phenols is performed using a potassium nitrate/sulfuric acid/methanol mobile phase with a C18 separation column. The detection method is pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) using a glassy carbon electrode. By applying three different working potentials in sequence, the working electrode is cleaned and regenerated after measurement preventing fouling. The Metrohm flow cell is completely maintenance-free.
 

High Performance, Low Price: The New Titrino Plus Family

The Titrino plus family has been developed to meet the requirements of routine applications in the course of daily lab operations. The system can be quickly installed, is extremely simple to use and provides precise results. 

The backbone of the system are the 848 and 877 Titrino plus titrators and the 870 KF Titrino plus for volumetric water determination. With such features as the large live display with titration curve, plug-and-play functionality of exchange unit, stirrer, USB printer, high-precision measuring input, and operation via mouse-click, the system far exceeds the expectations for this price segment.

But that’s not all. Combination with the 869 Compact Sample Changer allows simple and quick automation of the Titrino plus applications. 12 positions are available for convenient multiple analysis of samples. The 869 Compact Sample Changer is included in the ready to use package 848 Titropackage plus with all accessories needed for immediate titration.

The Titrino plus family also includes the branch-specific versions Titrino Food/Beverage, Titrino Salt and Titrino Oil. These packages provide everything needed for the most common analyses according to application area. The supplied USB stick contains the relevant application collection: Food PAC, Wine PAC or Oil PAC. The applications provide easy step-by-step instructions for sample preparation and analysis.

The 876 and 865 Dosimat plus models ideally complement the Titrino plus family. They facilitate liquid handling such as pipetting and all other types of controlled dosing (extended dosing, content dosing, liquid transfer). They can be operated as stand-alone units or can be connected to the Titrino plus system via a remote interface. The 876 Manual Titrator plus completes the new Metrohm product offer for routine analysis.
 

New Stainless Steel Version of Metrohm 844 UV/VIS Compact IC Used to Assay Caffeine in Over-the-Counter Tablets

Metrohm has launched a new version of the 844 UV/VIS Compact Ion Chromatograph in stainless steel complete with a column oven. The new device is especially suited as an alternative low-cost and simplified way of assaying many pharmaceutical or food/beverage-based products using photometric detection.

One such application is the analysis of caffeine in over-the-counter tablets. It can be performed isocratically simply using a phosphate/methanol mobile phase. Analysis of tablets is relatively simple; one tablet is solved in a known quantity of ultrapure water and run against a previously recorded caffeine calibration curve. The caffeine is detected on the ProntoSil C18 column in less than 6 minutes at a wavelength of 280 nm using the IC Net controlling software.
 

Liquid handling in the laboratory with the new Dosimat plus models from Metrohm

Metrohm Dosimats facilitates the routine handling of liquids in day-to-day laboratory work. They are popular the world over and used for a large variety of dosing and liquid handling tasks.
The successful Dosimat series from Metrohm is now continued by the 876 and 865 Dosimat plus models. Their functionality has again been extended, particularly in the field of liquid handling. The new Dosimats can be operated manually as stand-alone instruments or used together with Titrino and Titrino plus models. All three versions of course profit from Metrohm`s intelligent Exchange Units.

ProcessLab-VA/CVS – the innovative process monitoring solution

Voltammetry (VA) and Cyclic Voltammetric Stripping Analysis (CVS) are now available for routine analysis in the plant. With its integrated potentiostat/galvanostat, the new ProcessLab-VA/CVS system opens up an important analytical application area. While voltammetry is used for classical trace analysis, CVS is used for determining organic additives in electroplating baths.
The design of the analysis system is straightforward and compact thanks to the integration of the 797 VA Computrace potentiostat/galvanostat. All components are contained in a robust housing with splash-water protection for use in rough production environments. A control unit with a touch screen provides easy and convenient operation via the user interface of the simplified ProcessLab software. Defined analysis sequences can be started with a simple press of a button, thereby ensuring error-free operation. 

Typical application areas:

• Metal traces, such as Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb in water, waste water, and sea water
• Metal ions in salts and pure chemicals
• Cd, Tl and other metal ions in zinc electrowinning solutions
• Analysis of organics such as 4-carboxybenzaldehyde in terephthalic acid (PET production)
• Determination of organic additives such as brighteners, suppressors, and levelers in acidic copper baths

Due to the close proximity to the process, the relevant results are available immediately after analysis, thus eliminating long wait periods for lab analysis results. ProcessLab-VA/CVS is consequently ideally suited for quick and independent process monitoring in the plant.
 

News 2010